Notes

Energy as well as hope ranges within neuroeconomics.
ate oral health behaviours and a good self-reported state of oral health. Key wordsOral health-related quality of life, OHIP-14, Oral health behaviours, Self-reported oral health, University students.
Surgical uprighting and repositioning have been proposed to obtain a correct alignment of unerupted permanent molars. A retrospective clinical study was performed to verify the effectiveness of these techniques.

In order for a case to be included in the study, adequate clinical documentation was required, including radiographic imaging before and after therapy. The degree of inclination of each treated molar was evaluated on pre-operative panoramic radiographs.

Fifty-two molars were studied. Molar involvement was more frequent in the mandible (45 cases=86.54%) than in the maxilla (7 cases=13.66%). The mean age of patients treated with completely formed molars was 17.28±2.86, while that of patients with incompletely formed molars was 12.89±1.75. The most frequent position was mesio-angular (39=75%) with a mean inclination of 31.61°±12.9° (range 5.57°-61.26°). Disto-angular molars had a mean inclination of -28.84°±6.49° (range -23.79°- -36.16°). Surgical uprighting was performed in 37 cases (71.15%), while surgical repositioning was performed in 15 cases (28.85%). Three cases were lost during the follow-up. The outcome was positive in the remaining 49 cases. Complications occurred in only 4 surgeries (7.69%).

Surgical uprighting and repositioning are reliable therapeutic solutions for unerupted mandibular molars, with a favorable prognosis.
Molar impacted, surgical repositioning, surgical up-righiting, tooth impacted, tooth unerupted.
Surgical uprighting and repositioning are reliable therapeutic solutions for unerupted mandibular molars, with a favorable prognosis. Key wordsMolar impacted, surgical repositioning, surgical up-righiting, tooth impacted, tooth unerupted.
Pit and fissures on the young permanent tooth are ideal in harbouring dental plaque and calculus. buy Etomoxir Hence it is important to provide a preventive agent to protect against dental caries. Aim To evaluate the retention of two different pit and fissure sealants with and without a self-etch adhesive in the first permanent molars for a period of one year.

280 molars were included among 70 healthy children. According to randomisation, the groups were divided into Group IA - Embrace without Adhse One F bonding agent and Group IB - Embrace with Adhse One F bonding agent, Group IIA - Helioseal F without Adhse One F bonding agent and Group IIB - Helioseal F with Adhse One F bonding agent. The sealants were assessed clinically at 3,6,9, and 12 months using the modified Colour, Coverage, Caries (CCC) sealant evaluation system.

At the end of 12 months, the retention rates of Group IB showed statistically significant results, followed by Group IIB, Group IA and Group IIA.

At twelve months follow-up Embrase WetBond and Helioseal-F were better retentive when used with a Adhese One F bonding agent which was statistically significant.
Retention, Bonding agent, Embrace WetBond, Helioseal-F.
At twelve months follow-up Embrase WetBond and Helioseal-F were better retentive when used with a Adhese One F bonding agent which was statistically significant. Key wordsRetention, Bonding agent, Embrace WetBond, Helioseal-F.
To assess the radiographic third molar maturation with internationally developed techniques for age estimation.

The study analyzed 1,062 panoramic radiographs of patients treated at the School of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo/RS/Brazil, between 2009 and 2020. The patients were separated into ages between 15.00 and 23.99 years and, for each radiograph, the third molars were classified into stages from 1 to 10, with the subsequent application of one of the formulae proposed by Gunst et al. A dichotomous variable indicating whether each individual was younger or older than 18 was calculated from the chronological age of the individuals. A logistic regression model was adjusted to assess whether the third molar stages are correlated with the age of individuals.

The error indicators between estimated and chronological ages showed that mean errors closer to zero are seen in the 18-18.9 and 17-17.9 age groups, respectively. Male individuals were earlier in terms of dental mineralization but there were no significant differences between sexes regarding the applicability of the method. The ROC curve shows that the analysis of a single third molar for age estimation gives a maximum of 70.4% reliability.

The moderate performance of the technique tested in the present study justify future country-specific corrections to improve age estimation from the radiographic assessment of third molar maturity.
Dental age estimation, forensic dentistry, radiology, third molar.
The moderate performance of the technique tested in the present study justify future country-specific corrections to improve age estimation from the radiographic assessment of third molar maturity. Key wordsDental age estimation, forensic dentistry, radiology, third molar.
3D printing technology is a reality in Dentistry and presents several ways to obtain a printed model. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of different types of intraoral scanners and 3D printers on the accuracy of printed models in comparison to plaster models obtained from conventional impressions.

A dental study model was used as the reference model and was molded with polyvinyl siloxane to produce the plaster models. It was also scanned with two types of intraoral scanners and the digital files were printed by two types of 3D printers. The plaster and printed models formed five groups (n=50), which were analyzed using linear measurements at six dimension sites. In order to test the equivalence in the precision of the measurements made in the reference model and in the different models of the experimental groups, the Schuirmann Two-One Sided t-test was applied. The trueness of the measurements of the experimental models was tested in comparison to those of the reference model by applying td not. The standardization of the method of obtaining printed models must be carried out in order to provide the production of quality models. However, there will be differences between the technologies. Key wordsDental models, three-dimensional printing, dimensional accuracy.
The study aimed to assess the influence of different implant insertion angles and depths on the stresses produced on the surface of peri-implant bone tissue under axial and oblique loading.

The entire study followed the recommendations of the Checklist for Reporting
Studies (CRIS). The implant was placed in the region of element 36, according to the following models M1 (0 mm / 0°); M2 (0 mm / 17°); M3 (0 mm / 30°); M4 (2 mm / 0°); M5 (2 mm / 17°); M6 (2 mm / 30°). The models were subjected to loading, with intensity of 100 N. The stress assessment followed the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.

Angled implants and installed below the bone crest produced the highest stresses on the cortical bone, and the axial load presented the highest stress peaks on the buccal side of implants perpendicular to the bone crest. Regardless of the type of load (axial or oblique), inclined implants presented the highest stress peaks on the lingual side of the cortical bone.

Implants installed perpendicular to and with a prosthetic platform at bone crest height provided the lowest stresses to peri-implant bone tissue under both axial and oblique loading.
Finite element analysis, dental implants, axial loading, biomechanical phenomena.
Implants installed perpendicular to and with a prosthetic platform at bone crest height provided the lowest stresses to peri-implant bone tissue under both axial and oblique loading. Key wordsFinite element analysis, dental implants, axial loading, biomechanical phenomena.Iron metabolism disturbances play an important role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and hepcidin largely influences iron metabolism. Importantly, iron metabolism may be associated with ferroptosis, recently a nonapoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death that may have a great impact on brain injury after SAH. We investigated hepcidin on iron metabolism and ferroptosis involving divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin-1 (FPN1) in a rat model of SAH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation to induce SAH, and treated with heparin (inhibitor of hepcidin), or oncostatin M (OSM, inducer of hepcidin), or ebselen (inhibitor of DMT1) by intracerebroventricular injections. Hepcidin, DMT1, FPN1 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Iron metabolism was detected through Perl's iron staining and iron content assay. Ferroptosis, the ROS production, lipid peroxidation (LPO) was evaluated by monitoring methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, and transmission electron microscopy. Neurological deficit scores, Evans blue staining and brain water content were also determined to detect EBI 72 h after SAH. Our results showed that inhibition of DMT1 by ebselen could suppress iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and thereby alleviate ferroptosis and EBI in SAH rats. Heparin downregulated the expression of hepcidin and DMT1, increased FPN1, and exerted protective effects that were equivalent to those of ebselen on ferroptosis and EBI. In addition, OSM increased the expression of hepcidin and DMT1, decreased FPN1, and aggravated ferroptosis and EBI, while the effect on ferroptosis was reversed by ebselen. Therefore, the study revealed that hepcidin could regulate iron metabolism and contribute to ferroptosis via DMT1 signaling activation in rats with EBI after SAH.Solid tumors are usually associated with extracellular acidosis due to their increased dependence on glycolysis and poor vascularization. Cancer cells gradually become adapted to acidic microenvironment and even acquire increased aggressiveness. They are resistant to apoptosis but exhibit increased autophagy that is essential for their survival. We here show that NF-κB, a master regulator of cellular responses to stress, is upregulated in colorectal cancer cells adapted to acidosis (CRC-AA). NF-κB is more relied upon for survival in CRC-AA than in their parental cells and drives a robust antioxidant response. Supplementation of antioxidant abolishes the increased sensitivity of CRC-AA to NF-κB inhibition or depletion, suggesting that NF-κB supports the survival of CRC-AA by maintaining redox homeostasis. Because SQSTM1/p62 is known to mediate the selective autophagy of GATA4 that augments NF-κB function, we tested whether the enhanced autophagic flux and consequently the reduction of SQSTM1/p62 in CRC-AA cells could activate the GATA4-NF-κB axis. Indeed, GATA4 is upregulated in CRC-AA cells and augments the NF-κB activity that underlies the increased expression of cytokines, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduction of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, secretory factors derived from HCT15-AA cells, the soluble ICAM-1 in particular, also possess antioxidant cytoprotective effect against acidic stress. Together, our results demonstrate a prosurvival role of the p62-restricted GATA4-NF-κB axis in cancer cells adapted to acidic microenvironment.
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