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Treatment of a good Extruded Midsection Phalanx Epiphysis within a 6-Year-Old Young man: A Case Report.
The model of the frictional heating process during single braking to determine the temperature of the functionally graded friction elements with an account of the thermal sensitivity of materials was proposed. The basis of this model is the exact solution of the one-dimensional thermal problem of friction during braking with constant deceleration. The formulas approximating the experimental data of the temperature dependencies of properties of the functionally graded materials (FGMs) were involved in the model to improve the accuracy of the achieved results. A comparative analysis was performed for data obtained for temperature-dependent FGMs and the corresponding data, calculated without consideration of thermal sensitivity. The results revealed that the assumption of thermal stability of FGMs during braking may cause a significant overestimation of temperature of the friction pair elements.This work presents the development of a J-integral estimation procedure for deep and shallow cracked bend specimens based upon plastic ηpl factors for a butt weld made in an S690 QL high strength low alloyed steel. Experimental procedures include the characterization of average material properties by tensile testing and evaluation of base and weld metal resistance to stable tearing by fracture testing of square SE(B) specimens containing a weld centerline notch. J-integral has been estimated from plastic work using a single specimen approach and the normalization data reduction technique. A comprehensive parametric finite element study has been conducted to calibrate plastic factor ηpl and geometry factor λ for various fixture and weld configurations, while a corresponding plastic factor γpl was computed on the basis of the former two. The modified ηpl and γpl factors were then incorporated in the J computation procedure given by the ASTM E1820 standard, for evaluation of the plastic component of J and its corresponding correction due to crack growth, respectively. Two kinds of J-R curves were computed on the basis of modified and standard ηpl and γpl factors, where the latter are given by ASTM E1820. A comparison of produced J-R curves for the base material revealed that variations in specimen fixtures can lead to ≈10% overestimation of computed fracture toughness JIc. Furthermore, a comparison of J-R curves for overmatched single-material idealized welds revealed that the application of standard ηpl and γpl factors can lead to the overestimation of computed fracture toughness JIc by more than 10%. Similar observations are made for undermatched single material idealized welds, where fracture toughness JIc is overestimated by ≈5%.The recent increase in interest in rare earth elements is due to their increasing use in many areas of life. However, along with their increasing popularity, the problem of their natural resources availability arises. In this study, an alginate-lignin composite (ALG-L) was fabricated and tested for adsorptive abilities of the rare earth elements (La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III)) from aqueous solutions. The characterization of the newly synthetized calcium alginate-lignin composite was performed using ATR/FT-IR, SEM, EDX, OM, AFM, XRD, BET, sieve analysis and pHpzc measurements. The adsorption mechanism of the ALG5L1 composite for REEs was analyzed through a series of kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic adsorption experiments. Under the optimum sorption conditions, i.e., sorbent mass 0.1 g, pH 5.0, temperature 333 K, the maximum adsorption capacities of the ALG5L1 composite for La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III) reached 109.56, 97.97, 97.98, and 98.68 mg/g, respectively. The desorption studies indicate that the new calcium alginate-lignin composite is characterized by good recycling properties and can be also reused. To sum up the advantages of low cost, easy synthesis, high adsorption efficiencies and reusability indicate that the ALG5L1 composite has great application perspectives for REEs recovery.In the present paper, Bi1-xBaxFeO3 (BBFO) thin films (where x = 0, 0.02 and 0.05) were prepared by a combined sol-gel and spin-coating method. The influence of Ba substitutions on the structural, microstructural, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 thin films has been studied. X-ray diffraction pattern correlated with FTIR analysis results confirms that all the films have a perovskite structure of rhombohedral symmetry with an R3m space group. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the surface morphology and reveals microstructural modifications with the increase in Ba concentration. The optical properties show that the band gap is narrowed after doping with Ba ions and decreases gradually with the increase of doping content. The photocatalytic investigations of deposited films revealed that Ba doping of BFO material leads to the enhancement of photocatalytic response. The present data demonstrates that Bi1-xBaxFeO3 (BBFO) thin films can be used in photocatalytic applications.The adopted TD-GC-MS/O method helps determine the correlation between the odour signals and compounds separated on the chromatographic column, from the analysed gas mixture. It is possible to compare the retention times at which the odour signals were identified with the retention time of eluting compounds, when the test system and matrix are known. The presented study describes the details of representative samples obtained from (1) indoor air samples from a room where floor materials containing bitumen are present, (2) wooden floor staves placed in an emission chamber, and (3) fragments (chips) of the materials mentioned above, placed in glass tubes, exposed to an elevated desorption temperature. The results, presented in the paper, describe the identified odours and their intensity and assign chemical compounds to each odour, indicating their likely source of origin. The results presented in the manuscript are intended to show what methodology can be adopted to obtain intense odours from the tested samples, without losing the sensitivity derived from GC-MS. The manuscript presents representative results-case studies. The results for various types of samples were not very reproducible, related to the complex matrix of bituminous products. The enormity of compounds present in tar adhesives makes it possible to indicate only the groups of compounds that emit from these systems. They include, primarily, aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, particularly Naphthalene and Phenol derivatives.Small multilayered laminated samples consisting of stacks of W (or K-doped W) foils without an interlayer or with interlayers from Cu, V, and Ti were exposed to a pulsed electron beam with an energy of 6 MeV in several irradiation sessions. All samples maintained their macroscopic integrity, suggesting that the W-metal laminate concept is compatible with high heat flux applications. The surface of the samples was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after each irradiation session. The experimental results indicate that electron beam irradiation induces obvious modifications on the surface of the samples. Morphological changes such as the appearance of nanodroplets, nanostructures, and melting and cracking, depending on the sample type and the electron beam fluence, are observed. The irradiation is carried out in a vacuum at a pressure of 2 to 4 × 10-2 torr, without active cooling for the samples. The structures observed on the surface of the samples are likely due to electron beam heating and vaporization followed by vapor condensation in the volume adjacent to the surface.The growing demand for implants has seen increasing interest in the introduction of new technologies and surface modification methods of metal biomaterials. This research aimed to produce and characterize a porous layer grown on austenitic stainless steel 316L, obtained via the anodization process near the micro-arc oxidation, i.e., low voltage micro-arc oxidation (LVMAO). The discussed layer significantly influences the properties of metallic biomedical materials. The surface topography, layer thickness, surface roughness, pore diameter, elemental composition, crystal structure, and surface wettability were assessed for all anodized layers, together with the resultant corrosion resistance. Attention was paid to the influence of the process parameters that affect the specification of the produced layer. The obtained results showed surface development and different sized pores in the modified layers, as well as an increase in corrosion resistance in the Ringer's solution.Plasters and mortars of the Church of the Annunciation (Tortorici, Sicily) were characterized, for the first time, both at the elemental and molecular levels, by means of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, to achieve information on the "state of health" of the whole structure. The understanding of their degradation mechanisms and the identification of consequent degradation patterns can define the environmental factors responsible for interpreting the potential pathological forms that can impact the general building vulnerability. In this sense, the results obtained in this article provide relevant information to identify and address both the characterization of building materials and the fundamental causes of their deterioration. At the same time, if coupled with the attempt to supply a chronological order of the major restoration interventions carried out on the investigated site, they provide new insights to calibrate the models for building vulnerability studies.The additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics through stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength was demonstrated. After different milling times, different paste compositions with varied initial micron-sized powders were studied to find a composition suitable for 3D printing. The pastes were evaluated in terms of photopolymerization depth depending on the laser scanning speed. Furthermore, the microstructure and properties of the BT ceramic samples produced through SLA 3D printing were characterized and compared with those of ceramics fabricated through a conventional die semi-drying pressing method. Three-dimensional printed samples achieved relative densities over 0.95 and microhardness over 500 HV after sintering, nearly matching the relative density and microhardness attained by the pressed samples. Upon poling, the 3D-printed samples attained acceptable piezoelectric module d33 = 148 pC/N and dielectric constants over 2000. At near full density, BT piezoceramics were successfully fabricated through SLA 3D printing at 465 nm wavelength, achieving photopolymerization depth of more than 100 microns. This work paves the relatively low-cost way for 3D printing of piezoelectric ceramics using conventional micron-sized powders and high printed layer thickness.Climate change and global warming have prompted a notable shift towards sustainable geotechnics and construction materials within the geotechnical engineer's community. Sapogenins Glycosides datasheet Earthen construction materials, in particular, are considered sustainable due to their inherent characteristics of having low embodied and operational energies, fire resistance, and ease of recyclability. Despite these attributes, they have not been part of the mainstream construction due to their susceptibility to water-induced deterioration. Conventional soil improvement techniques are generally expensive, energy-intensive, and environmentally harmful. Recently, biostabilization has emerged as a sustainable alternative that can overcome some of the limitations of existing soil improvement methods. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a particularly promising technique due to its ease of application and compatibility with different soil types. EICP exploits the urease enzyme as a catalyst to promote the hydrolysis of urea inside the pore water, which, in the presence of calcium ions, results in the precipitation of calcium carbonate.
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