Notes

Evolving Up-regulation of Biliary Fibrosis-Related Extracellular Matrix Compounds Soon after Successful Portoenterostomy.
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, little research explored the extent of anxiety and depressive disorders in parents of children with ASD.

Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of parents of children with ASD who attended Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Autistic Centre, Ministry of defense, Taif city.

The study included (
= 50) parents. The prevalence of mild depression was 30%, whereas the prevalence of moderately severe depression was 68%. Increased ASD severity level was associated with a significant impact on the PHQ-9 total score (level II was 1.293 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score, and level III was 1.530 times level I to have an increased PHQ-9 score). Economic status did not significantly alter depressive symptoms.

ASD diagnosis in Saudi children is associated with high parental depressive prevalence. However, this result could be bidirectional. Stigma, future-related worry, and stress could medngs that neither parental gender nor child gender exert any substantial effect on predictability of depressive symptoms among parents of children with ASD. Comprehensive therapeutic packages for children with ASD should include treatment of emotional problems arising out of carer burden among their parents. Screening for parental emotional problems should be routine in autism treatment facilities.
The aim of this study was to explore teachers' knowledge about the ADHD, its origin, causes, and identify the main demographic variables affecting their knowledge.

The study was conducted among male school teachers of ten government primary schools that are found in different regions of Riyadh city, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We used a stratified random sampling technique to collect our sample with inclusion criteria of being male teachers who currently working in male government primary school and are directly involved on teaching of students. BB-2516 supplier Data analysis was performed using SPSS software statistical program version 21.

We received 400 response for our questionnaire, mostly younger than 40 years old. Most of teachers in this sample had a bachelor's degree, only 6% had diploma while 8% had a higher degree, while most of them had experience more than 5 years in teaching (74.2%). only 8%of teachers admitted that they had not heard about ADHD before. 78% of teachers had read about ADHD at least once beurther needing for courses to enhance this knowledge.
Placenta previa is a major cause of hemorrhage affecting 0.4-0.5% of all pregnancy's early detection of cases and senior input will significantly reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

The aim of the study is to determine risk factors, fetal and maternal outcome in pregnancy complicated by placenta previa.

This is descriptive cross-sectional study in women diagnosed with placenta previa at Dongola maternity hospital, Sudan from December 2018 to June 2019.

There were 3,674 deliveries and 52 cases of placenta previa during the study period with prevalence of 1.4%. The average age of the patients was 34.8 years and most of them were above 35 years (53.8%), and (63.5%) were para 3 and more. Other identified risk factors included previous cesarean section (69.1%), previous uterine evacuation (13.5%), and assisted reproductive technique (5.8%). Maternal complications were hemorrhage needing blood transfusion (40.4%), cesarean hysterectomy (21.2%), and bladder injury (3.8%), but (34.6%) were with good outcome and no maternal death. NICU admission with RDS (25%), prematurity (25%), and death (5.8%) were the fetal complications, while in (44.2%) fetal outcome was good.

The most identifiable risk factors for placenta previa were previous uterine scars, advanced maternal age, and multiparity. And it is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
The most identifiable risk factors for placenta previa were previous uterine scars, advanced maternal age, and multiparity. And it is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mineral density, deterioration of bone structure, bone fragility, and it is associated with high risk of fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis among Saudis is estimated to be 34% in females and 30.7% in males. The aim of this study was to know the level of knowledge about osteoporosis among Saudi females at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. We used the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) for data collection. The survey assessed the understanding of symptoms and fracture risk, risk factors, treatment availability and preventive factors for osteoporosis.

The overall knowledge of our 376 participants was good with a mean score of (66%). Participants had more knowledge about the symptoms and fracture risk and the preventive factors such as physical activity and diet compared to the other subscales of the OKAT. There was a significant difference between the knowledge of younger and older females (>40 yrs.), where younger females had lower scores on the OKAT.

This study showed that knowledge about osteoporosis was good among females attending the family medicine clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. However, younger females were less knowledgeable, which means that more effort should be made to increase the awareness about osteoporosis especially among the younger females.
This study showed that knowledge about osteoporosis was good among females attending the family medicine clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. However, younger females were less knowledgeable, which means that more effort should be made to increase the awareness about osteoporosis especially among the younger females.
Self-medication in healthcare is becoming an increasingly important area. However, risks such as misdiagnosis, inappropriate drug dosage, extended time of use, drug interactions and polypharmacy are also associated with it.

The present cross-sectional study aims to study the prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors among engineering students.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in an engineering college in Chennai.

A total of 199 participants were studied. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire including general information and specific questions regarding the prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors was given to the study participants and were instructed to fill them.

Data were recorded and analysed in the excel spreadsheet using SPSS software version 16 and Chi-square test was used to perform interferential statistical analysis.

199 engineering students were studied, ranging from 1
year to 4
year between the age group of 17-25 years. From the data collected, 154 (77.
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