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Voting-based 1D Nbc model regarding man reduced branch task reputation using sEMG transmission.
Using high-fidelity micromanometers and flow velocity sensors at right heart catheterization, we compared pulmonary hemodynamics and wave reflections in age-matched normal adults and those with atrial septal defects, separated into three subgroups based on levels of mean pulmonary artery pressure low ( 26 mmHg). We made baseline measurements in all groups and after intravenous sodium nitroprusside in the subgroups. All the subgroups had higher than normal baseline pulmonary flows and corresponding power - which did not differ among the subgroups. The pulmonary vascular resistance, input resistance and characteristic impedance in the subgroups did not differ from normal. Aside from the elevated flow and power, the hemodynamics in the low subgroup did not differ from normal. The intermediate subgroup had significantly higher than normal right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures, wave reflections, and shorter wave reflection time - which all reverted to normal after nitroprusside. The high subgroup had similar changes as the intermediate subgroup . Unlike that subgroup, however, the pressures, wave reflections and reflection return time did not revert to normal after nitroprusside. Hence, elevated wave reflections, but not resistance or characteristic impedance, are the hallmark of pulmonary hypertension in adults with atrial septal defects. Our results demonstrate that detailed measurements of hemodynamics and assessment of responsiveness to vasodilators, provide important information about the pulmonary circulation in atrial septal defect. Coupled with studies after defect closure, those results may be a better foundation than current ones for clinical decisions.There is a sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure that occurs in aged adults following exposure to acute leg heating. We tested the hypothesis that acute leg heating would decrease arterial blood pressure in aged adults secondary to sympathoinhibition. Thirteen young and 10 aged adults were exposed to 45 min of leg heating. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (radial nerve) was measured before leg heating (Pre-heat) and 30 min after (Recovery), and is expressed as burst frequency. Neurovascular transduction was examined by assessing the slope of the relation between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and leg vascular conductance measured at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise performed to fatigue. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in young adults (Pre-heat, 86 ± 6 mmHg vs. Recovery, 88 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.4) due to increased sympathetic nerve activity (Pre-heat, 16 ± 7 bursts min-1 vs. Recovery, 22 ± 10 bursts min-1; P less then 0.01). However, in aged adults, sympathetic nerve activity did not differ from Pre-heat (37 ± 5 bursts min-1) to Recovery (33 ± 6 bursts min-1, P = 0.1), despite a marked reduction in arterial blood pressure (Pre-heat, 101 ± 7 mmHg vs. Recovery, 94 ± 6 mmHg; P less then 0.01). Neurovascular transduction did not differ from Pre-heat to Recovery for either age group (P ≥ 0.1). The reduction in arterial blood pressure that occurs in aged adults following exposure to acute leg heating is mediated, in part, by a sympathoinhibitory effect that alters the compensatory neural response to hypotension.OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is established for measurement of body fat mass (FM) and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been proposed as surrogates to estimation by MRI. Aim of this work is to assess the predictive value of these methods for FM and VAT measured by MRI. METHODS Patients were selected from cohort study XXXXXXXX (prediction, prevention and subclassification of Type 2 Diabetes). Total FM and VAT were quantified by MRI and BIA together with clinical variables like age, waist and hip circumference and height. Least-angle regressions were utilized to select anthropometric and BIA parameters for their use in multivariable linear regression models to predict total FM and VAT. Bland-Altman plots, Pearson correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and univariate linear regression models were applied. RESULTS 116 females with 35 ± 3 years and a body mass index of 25.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2 were included into the analysis. A multivariable model revealed weight (β = 0.516, p less then 0.001), height (β = -0.223, p less then 0.001) and hip circumference (β = 0.156, p = 0.003) as significantly associated with total FM measured by MRI. A additional multivariable model also showed a significant predictive value of FMBIA (β = 0.583, p less then 0.001) for FM. In addition, waist circumference (β = 0.054, p less then 0.001), weight (β = 0.016, p = 0.031) in one model and FMBIA (β = 0.026, p = 0.018) in another model were significantly associated with VAT quantified by MRI. However, deviations reached more than 5 kg for total FM and more than 1 kg for VAT. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric measurements and BIA show significant association with total FM and VAT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE As these measurements show significant deviations from the absolute measured values determined by MRI, MRI should be considered the gold standard for quantification.RATIONALE Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) contributes to disease burden of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, its onset and progression in infants and preschool children with CF remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and extent of CRS in young children with CF using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS MRI was performed in sedation in 67 infants and pre-school children with CF (mean age 2.3±2.1y, range 0-6y) and 30 non-CF controls (3.5±2.0y, range 0-6y). Paranasal sinus dimensions and structural abnormalities incl. XL413 mucosal swelling, mucopyoceles, and nasal polyps of the maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, and in addition medial maxillary sinus wall deformation were assessed using a dedicated CRS MRI scoring system. RESULTS Pneumatization and dimensions of paranasal sinuses did not differ between the two groups. MRI detected an increased prevalence of mucosal swelling (83% vs 17%, P less then 0.001), mucopyoceles (75% vs 2%, P less then 0.001), polyps (26% vs 7%, P less then 0.
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