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A new PRISMA-driven methodical evaluation pertaining to determination of earthquake and nursing jobs research.
Introduction Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects 2-3% of the US population and represents a large psychosocial burden for patients. Over the last decade, highly effective targeted therapies for psoriasis have been developed - namely, those targeting interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23. The success of biologic agents targeting IL-17 and IL-23 underscores the importance of the IL-23/T helper (Th)17 cell axis in psoriasis pathogenesis. Oral small molecule drugs - such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitors, and fumaric acid esters (FAEs) - are also being investigated for the treatment of psoriasis.Areas covered This article reviews systemic biologic and oral small molecule drugs currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.Expert opinion Many patients with psoriasis have mild disease, and many with mild disease do not seek medical care for their condition. Many patients with mild disease could be adequately treated with topical treatments and phototherapy; however, adherence and feasibility have often been an issue with these treatment types. There seems to be limited room for development of novel biologics, as the existing ones are extraordinarily safe, effective, and convenient with few injections. ARS-1620 ic50 Patients would prefer a safe, effective oral treatment; however, JAK inhibitors seem unlikely to fill this role completely.Introduction Skin electroporation is a promising treatment for transdermal drug delivery, gene electrotransfer, skin rejuvenation, electrochemotherapy, and wound disinfection. Although a considerable amount of in vitro and in vivo studies exists, the translation to clinics is not as fast as one would hope. We hypothesize the reason lies in the inadequate dosimetry, i.e. electrode configurations, pulse parameters and pulse generators used. We suggest adequate dosimetry can be determined by mathematical modeling and would allow comparison of protocols and facilitate translation into clinics.Areas covered We introduce the mechanisms and applications of skin electroporation, present existing mathematical models and compare the influence of different model parameters. We review electrodes and pulse generators, prototypes as well as commercially available models.Expert opinion The reasons for slow translation of skin electroporation treatments into clinics lie in uncontrolled and inadequate dosimetry, poor reporting rendering comparisons between studies difficult, and significant differences in animal and human skin morphology, often dismissed in reports. Mathematical models enable comparison of studies, however, when the parameters of the pulses and electrode configuration are not adequately reported, as is often the case, comparisons are difficult, if not impossible. For each skin electroporation treatment, systematic studies determining optimal parameters should be performed and treatment parameters standardized.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emotion regulation refers to the way individuals manage and regulate their own emotions in response to negative emotional experiences. This study investigated whether media multitasking serves as an avoidance coping strategy for managing emotionally stressful events. DESIGN AND METHODS Using a correlational design, 140 participants completed self-report measures of media multitasking and emotion regulation, and cognitive measures assessing attentional bias for emotionally negative stimuli. RESULTS Media multitasking was associated with difficulties in accepting emotional responses for participants who showed an attentional bias away from anxiety words, and for participants with poorer inhibitory control over such words. Further, there was a strong association between media multitasking and reduced interference from anxiety words for participants with stronger inhibitory control over such words in the emotional Stroop task. CONCLUSIONS Results support the idea that media multitasking is linked to difficulty dealing with emotionally negative stimuli and serves as an avoidance coping strategy where one deliberately directs attention away from negative stimuli to prevent their further processing. The findings have real-life implications for managing anxiety and depression, as media multitasking may be used as a maladaptive coping strategy that further increases these negative moods.Background Pregnancy-related stress in women who are pregnant with twins, may increase the risk of adverse emotional outcomes such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Possible protective coping resources of pregnant women could be their socio-economic background, their marital relationship quality (dyadic satisfaction), or their emotional intelligence.Objectives The study aims at exploring the mechanisms by which protective factors are associated with pregnancy-related stress and adverse emotional outcomes such as depression and anxiety.Methods and Design Hospitals in Beijing, China, provided questionnaire data from 134 women who were pregnant with twins. Pregnancy-related stress, anxiety, depression, and three resource factors (socio-economic status, emotional intelligence, and dyadic marital satisfaction) were measured.Results The experience of pregnancy-related stress mediated between resource factors and adverse consequences. While some socio-economic background variables had a main effect, personal and social resources exerted a buffer effect emotional intelligence as well as dyadic satisfaction buffered the negative effects of stress on prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively.Conclusions A unique mechanism was identified that may explain how protective coping resources are associated with psychosocial stress and adverse outcomes in pregnant at-risk women. Future studies should substantiate this finding using longitudinal research designs.Introduction A large body of evidence has clearly documented that erectile dysfunction (ED) represents not only a complication of cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) but often an early sign of forthcoming CVD.Areas covered All the available data from meta-analyses evaluating the association between ED and CV risk were collected and discussed. Similarly, all available meta-analyses investigating the significance of ED as a possible early marker for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were analyzed. In addition, data originally obtained in a Florence cohort, dealing with a large series of patients seeking medical care for sexual dysfunction, will be also reported.Expert opinion Available evidence indicates that ED represents a risk factor of CV mortality and morbidity. Not only conventional CV risk factors but also unconventional ones, derived from a perturbation of the relational and intrapsychic domains of ED, might play a possible role in CV risk stratification of ED subjects. Finally, penile doppler ultrasound can give important information on CV risk, especially in younger and low risk subjects.
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