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Zebrafish prmt2 Attenuates Antiviral Natural Defenses through Concentrating on traf6.
Cry out was not associated with observational measures of maternal sensitivity or infant-maternal attachment. CONCLUSION When used selectively and in response to the specific needs and characteristics of the infant, delayed responsiveness may reduce problematic behavior and does not harm the infant's socioemotional development.BACKGROUND Limited data are available on childhood encephalitis. Our study aimed to increase insight on clinical presentation, etiology, and clinical outcome of children with severe encephalitis in the Netherlands. METHODS We identified patients through the Dutch Pediatric Intensive Care Evaluation database and included children diagnosed with encephalitis less then 18 years of age admitted to 1 of the 8 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in the Netherlands between January 2003 and December 2013. We analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, neurologic imaging, etiology, treatment and mortality. RESULTS We included 121 children with a median age of 4.6 years (IQR 1.3-9.8). The most frequently described clinical features were headache (82.1%), decreased consciousness (79.8%) and seizures (69.8%). In 44.6% of the children, no causative agent was identified. Viral- and immune-mediated encephalitis were diagnosed in 33.1% and 10.7% of the patients. A herpes simplex virus infection (13.2%) was mainly seen in children less then 5 years of age, median age, 1.73 years (IQR 0.77-5.01), while immune-mediated encephalitis mostly affected older children, median age of 10.4 years (IQR, 3.72-14.18). An age of ≥ 5 years at initial presentation was associated with a lower mortality (OR 0.2 [CI 0.08-0.78]). The detection of a bacterial (OR 9.4 [CI 2.18-40.46]) or viral (OR 3.7 [CI 1.16-11.73]) pathogen was associated with a higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS In almost half of the Dutch children presenting with severe encephalitis, a causative pathogen could not be identified, underlining the need for enhancement of microbiologic diagnostics. The detection of a bacterial or viral pathogen was associated with a higher mortality.BACKGROUND Initially, detection and isolation of Aichivirus as a new member of Picornaviridae family was documented in Japan. Aichivirus species belongs to genus Kobuvirus, including 3 genotypes A, B and C. In previous studies, it has been suggested that Aichivirus infect humans by fecal-oral route. To establish an investigation for the occurrence of Aichivirus among pediatric patients involved to acute gastroenteritis, we developed a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of Aichivirus in stool specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, a total of 160 stool samples from September 2018 to May 2019 were collected from pediatric patients presenting with acute gastroenteritis in Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 3CD junction region of Aichivirus genome and viral load was assessed. Aichivirus genomic RNA was detected in 13/160 (8.1%) of stool samples. The highest Aichivirus detection rate was in December (30.7%). The maximum viral load was determined to be 3.9 × 10 copies/g in one sample obtained from a 1-month-old patient. The co-infection of Aichivirus with salivirus and saffold virus was also assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, among which frequent mixed infections by 2 or more viruses were identified. CONCLUSIONS This is the first documentation of Aichivirus detection in stool samples that demonstrates Aichivirus has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonosis infected by virus (SFTSV) in central and eastern China, which is associated with high mortality. However, limited clinical data have been reported about this critical illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study in ICU patients with SFTSV infection admitted in 2014-2019. Diagnosis was confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on serum samples. RESULTS 116 patients with SFTSV infection were included (mean age 63 ± 9 years, 59 [51.3%] males). find more Non-survivors (43.1%) were older, and had lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at ICU admission. In addition, non-survivors had more severe respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 208 ± 14 mmHg vs 297 ± 15 mmHg), more frequent shock (25[50%] vs 7[10.6%]), and required more frequently mechanical ventilation (78% vs 19.7%; p  less then  0.001) and vasopressor support (56% vs 9.1%; p  less then  0.001). Non-survivors experienced more obvious monocyte loss. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, older age, elevated lactate level and elevated creatinine level were the independent risk factors for death. CONCLUSION We provided knowledge about the clinical characteristics of SFTS admitted in ICU. older age, elevated lactate level and elevated creatinine level may be useful for identifying patients with poor outcome and intensive medical intervention can be provided for patients as soon as possible to reduce mortality.BACKGROUND Hemoglobin (Hb) based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been proposed as alternatives to blood for decades. Previous studies demonstrated that large molecular diameter HBOCs based on polymerized bovine Hb (PolybHb) attenuate Hb side-effects and toxicity. The objective of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of tense state PolybHb after long-term storage. METHODS AND RESULTS PolybHb was subjected to diafiltration to remove low molecular weight ( less then 500 kDa) species and stored for 2 years. PolybHb was studied in parallel with blood, collected from rats and stored leukodepleted under blood bank conditions for 3 weeks. Rats were hemorrhaged and resuscitated to 90% of the blood pressure before the hemorrhage with fresh blood, stored blood, fresh PolybHb, or two-year-stored PolybHb. Hemorrhagic shock impaired oxygen delivery and cardiac function. Resuscitation restored blood pressure and cardiac function, but stored blood required a significantly larger transfusion volume to recover from shock compared to fresh blood and PolybHb (fresh and stored).
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