Notes

Severe consumption of alcohol downregulates lipoprotein lipase action in vivo.
89, P<0.01). Among adults with diabetes absent cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline, 3 or more ECP visits, compared with no visits, was associated with lower odds of CVD onset (OR=0.79, P<0.05). Among adults with diabetes and CVD, any ECP use was associated with lower odds of end-stage renal disease onset (OR=0.60, P<0.05). ECP users had lower odds of 1 or more hospitalizations (OR=0.80, P<0.001).

Findings on positive patient outcomes associated with ECP use by adults with diabetes may inform IHS and Tribal policies, funding, and enhancements to ECP services to reduce disparities between AI/ANs and other populations in diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
Findings on positive patient outcomes associated with ECP use by adults with diabetes may inform IHS and Tribal policies, funding, and enhancements to ECP services to reduce disparities between AI/ANs and other populations in diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
We carried out sensitivity analyses on gut microbiota metagenomic sequencing, untargeted metabolome, targeted metabolome for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and human whole genome sequencing from 402 early postmenopausal Chinese women to search for early omics-biomarkers and gain novel insights into the potential mechanisms of BP regulation in postmenopausal women.

Clusters of co-abundant gut bacterial species and serum untargeted metabolites were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Partial least square analysis and joint analysis were performed to detect BP-associated omics-variables. Partial Pearson correlation was conducted to identify the interactions of microbe--host for host BP variation. Tepotinib inhibitor Mendelian randomization analysis and causal inference test were used to examine causal relationships among gut microbiota, metabolites and BP variation.

In the present study, 651 bacterial species and 296 metabolites were binned into 53 and 26 co-abundance clusters by WGCNA, respectively. Then, we totally identified four gut bacterial species, one host metabolites and two SCFAs that were significantly associated with both SBP and DBP. Moreover, we found that gut microbiota would play important roles in host metabolic activity. Finally, our results revealed that increased Bacteroides fragilis could elevate BP via decreased caproic acid, and phenylacetylglutamine mediated the causal relationships of both B. fragilis and Clostridium sp.CAG.226 on DBP variation.

Multi-omics datasets integration has the potential to capture complementary effect and their interactions for BP variation, revealed the potential pathogenesis of BP variation and may be useful for studying other complex diseases/traits.
Multi-omics datasets integration has the potential to capture complementary effect and their interactions for BP variation, revealed the potential pathogenesis of BP variation and may be useful for studying other complex diseases/traits.
Klotho interacts with various membrane proteins, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. The renal expression of klotho is diminished in chronic kidney disease.

In this study, we assessed the effects of klotho supplementation on a murine model of IgA nephropathy. Twenty-four-week-old hyper serum IgA (HIGA) mice were subcutaneously injected daily with recombinant human klotho protein (20 μg/kg per day) or the vehicle. After 2 months, the mice were killed using an anesthesia overdose and their kidneys were harvested for analysis.

Supplementation of exogenous klotho protein reduced SBP, albuminuria, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α excretion, glomerular filtration rate, renal angiotensin II concentration, and angiotensinogen expression in HIGA mice. Additionally, it enhanced renal expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and renal klotho itself. The findings using laser-manipulated microdissection demonstrated that klotho supplementation reduced the glomerular expression of TGFβ, fibronectin, and IGF, and increased the glomerular expression of connexin (Cx) 40.

These results indicate that klotho supplementation reduces blood pressure by suppressing the renin--angiotensin system in HIGA mice. Klotho inhibits IGF signaling to preserve glomerular Cx40 levels, ameliorating albuminuria in HIGA mice. Klotho protein supplementation attenuates mesangial expansion by inhibiting TGFβ signaling in HIGA mice.
These results indicate that klotho supplementation reduces blood pressure by suppressing the renin--angiotensin system in HIGA mice. Klotho inhibits IGF signaling to preserve glomerular Cx40 levels, ameliorating albuminuria in HIGA mice. Klotho protein supplementation attenuates mesangial expansion by inhibiting TGFβ signaling in HIGA mice.
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that causes multisystem involvement, including ear disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the nature of auditory issues in FD using a wide spectrum of audiological tests.

This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2017 and December 2018. We collected the clinical and laboratory data of 40 eligible FD patients, 45 healthy subjects, and 26 diabetic controls. All patients and controls completed audiologic evaluations that included tympanometry, acoustic reflex threshold test, reflex decay test, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), high-frequency audiometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).

In our study population, hearing was reduced at higher frequencies starting at 4 kHz in both the FD and diabetic groups. Regarding the acoustic reflex threshold test, FD and diabetic patients had similar results. In all frequencies, positive decay was significantly more frequent in FD patients when compared with the diabetic patients and healthy controls (p < 0.001 for each ear). The FD patients and healthy controls had similar results for DPOAE testing.

We showed that FD patients had a higher rate of reflex decay, indicating retrocochlear involvement. Thus, further investigation of factors associated with retrocochlear involvement could be investigated, such as ABR and speech in noise tests.
We showed that FD patients had a higher rate of reflex decay, indicating retrocochlear involvement. Thus, further investigation of factors associated with retrocochlear involvement could be investigated, such as ABR and speech in noise tests.
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