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Risk of Building Plant-Derived Prospect Vaccines and also Biologics against Rising Coronavirus Bacterial infections.
This study aims to gain more understanding on highland farmers' adaptation towards the impacts of climate change in Malaysia. Via a multi-stage cluster sampling, this quantitative study has surveyed a total of 400 highland farmers as respondents. The results indicated that the highest climate change-resilient farmers were from Kundasang, specifically among the females, Dusun ethnic group, and those who work side jobs to cover household expenses. Furthermore, recorded factors such as age and years of experience yielded significant negative relationship with adaptation whereas income yielded significant positive relationship with adaptation. The paper concludes with recommendations related to occupational diversification, consistent information disseminations, access to financial assistance, and the need to empower extension officers and local leaders in the hope that a comprehensive approach can help implement any community climate change-adaptation plan.Adsorption is an important mechanism for contaminant transport in groundwater, which results in retardation of contaminant migration. Different types of soils have different amounts of ammonium N adsorption, and ammonium N will experience different types of soil as it migrates through the actual soil environment. To better explore the integrated adsorption effect of ammonium N as it moves through the soil, layered soil was considered as a whole in this study. Under the condition that ammonium N is not transformed, the relationship between the distribution coefficient of ammonium N in layered soil and that in a single soil layer was explored through batch and column experiments. The results showed that the integrated distribution coefficient of ammonium N in mixed soil was in good agreement with the linear superposition relationship between the distribution coefficient and mass of each single soil layer. In the one-dimensional column simulation experiment, a mathematical model of pollutant migration in soil was used to simulate the migration of ammonium N in the soil and verify parameters of the model. The model-fitted ammonium N concentration values were in good agreement with the measured values. The overall retardation factor of layered soil was linearly sum up of the retardation factor of a single soil layer by the thickness of each layer. The distribution coefficient of ammonium N in layered soil was integrated to the cumulative value of the product of the distribution coefficient and the thickness ratio of each single soil layer. When the difference in the density of the soil layers was small, the relationship between the integrated distribution coefficient of the layered soil and the distribution coefficient of a single layer could be adequately described by using the linear superposition relationship of the layered distribution coefficient and thickness.Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, adversely affects human and animal health. Quercetin (Que) is a kind of flavonoid that can protect many tissues from the toxic effect of heavy metals. Although many studies have explored the adverse effects of cadmium on rats and other animals, the mechanism of Cd-induced testicular autophagy and the antagonistic effect of Que on cadmium remain unclear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Cd, Que or Cd, and Que supplements to explore the mechanisms of Que-alleviated testis injury caused by Cd exposure. The rat body weight and relative testicular weight were measured. Morphological changes in testes and indices of oxidative stress were also examined. The expression levels of autophagy-related genes were detected as well. Results showed that Cd decreased the rat body weight and relative testicular weight and induced pathological changes in testes. Conversely, Que alleviated these changes. We also found that Cd increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the contents of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione. Moreover, the protein expression levels of P62 and LC3-II increased under Cd exposure conditions. Conversely, Que obviously alleviated these toxic activities induced by Cd. Overall, this study showed that Cd accumulated in rat testes, leading to oxidative stress and autophagy. Que can reduce cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy. The specific mechanism of Que antagonizing Cd toxicity can provide new insights into countering cadmium toxicity.The microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland (CW-MFC) was used for treatment sewage and simultaneously generating electricity. The main aim of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the treatment of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) wastewater by the CW-MFC system. The performance of CW-MFC in removing Cr (VI) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) contained in wastewater and its electricity generation were studied. Electrode spacing, Cr (VI) and COD concentration, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) had certain effects on the performance of CW-MFC. For the electrode spacing of 10 cm, the highest power density of 458.2 mW/m3 could be obtained with the influent concentration of Cr (VI) (60 mg/L) and COD (500 mg/L). Selleckchem Selumetinib The highest Cr (VI) and COD removal rate were obtained with the HRT of 3 days. Compared with CW system, the electrical energy generated in CW-MFC was beneficial to improving the removal efficiency of COD and Cr (VI). Thus, the results confirmed that CW-MFC is a promising technology to remove Cr (VI) from wastewater and achieve bioelectricity production simultaneously.In the current study, chlorpyrifos was used as a test chemical to evaluate its possible toxicological effect on birds. A total of 45 adult male Japanese quails were divided into five groups (A to E). Each group, containing 9 birds was further divided into 3 sub-groups (containing 3 birds each). Group A served as control, while all other groups and sub-groups were exposed to selected pesticide for different trial periods. Chlorpyrifos sub-lethal doses were orally administered daily at the rate of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mg/kg body weight per day to group B, C, D, and E, respectively. Birds were kept under observation for behavioral changes throughout the trial periods. Clinical signs, histological alterations, genotoxicity, and blood biochemical alterations were recorded after each 15-day trial. Mild to moderate clinical signs like staggering gait, tremors, diarrhea, dullness, less frequency of crowing, and decrease foam production were observed in group D and E throughout the study. The changes in the body weight gain and blood biochemical parameters among different groups at a given trial period were insignificant.
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