Notes

Wire-in-Wire TiO2/C Nanofibers Free-Standing Anodes for Li-Ion and also K-Ion Electric batteries using Long Riding a bike Stability and Capacity.
axis plays a crucial role in the EMT, cell migration, and invasion of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Copyright © 2020 Fei Yang et al.Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and tubular atrophy have been recognized as indicators of the severity and progression of DKD, while the mechanism remains elusive. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) plays critical roles in apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role TRAP1 plays in DKD and to study the potential underlying mechanisms. TRAP1 expression was decreased, and mitochondria were injured in NRK-52e cells under high-glucose (HG) conditions. The overexpression of TRAP1 ameliorated HG-induced apoptosis, increased cell viability, maintained mitochondrial morphology, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and buffered oxidative stress, whereas TRAP1 knockdown aggravated these effects. The protective effects of TRAP1 may be exerted via the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and the damage caused by TRAP1 knockdown can be partially reversed by treatment with the mPTP opening inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). In vivo, TRAP1 expression upregulation by AAV2/9 injection prevented renal dysfunction, ameliorated histopathological changes, maintained mitochondrial morphology and function, and reduced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in STZ-treated DKD rats. Thus, our results suggest that TRAP1 ameliorates diabetes-induced renal injury by preventing abnormal mPTP opening and maintaining mitochondrial structure and function, which may be treated as a potential target for DKD treatment. Copyright © 2020 Lerong Liu et al.Oxalate and calcium are the major risk factors for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to confirm the potential function of miR-155-5p in the formation of CaOx induced by oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The HK-2 cells were treated by the different concentrations of oxalate and COM for 48 h. We found that oxalate and COM treatment significantly increased ROS generation, LDH release, cellular MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration in HK-2 cells. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that expression of NOX2 was upregulated, while that of SOD-2 was downregulated following the treatment with oxalate and COM in HK-2 cells. https://www.selleckchem.com/mTOR.html Moreover, the results of miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-155-5p was significantly upregulated after oxalate and COM treated in HK-2 cells, but miR-155-5p inhibitor treatment significantly decreased ROS generation, LDH release, cellular MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration in HK-2 cells incubated with oxalate and COM. miR-155-5p negatively regulated the expression level of MGP via directly targeting its 3'-UTR, verified by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter System. In vivo, polarized light optical microphotography showed that CaOx crystal significantly increased in the high-dose oxalate and Ca2+ groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, IHC analyses showed strong positive staining intensity for the NOX-2 protein in the high-dose oxalate and Ca2+-treated mouse kidneys, and miR-155-5p overexpression can further enhance its expression. However, the expression of SOD-2 protein was weakly stained. In conclusion, our study indicates that miR-155-5p promotes oxalate- and COM-induced kidney oxidative stress injury by suppressing MGP expression. Copyright © 2020 Kehua Jiang et al.Aim This study was aimed at investigating the effects and molecular mechanisms of physical activity intervention on Parkinson's disease (PD) and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD. Methods Four electronic databases up to December 2019 were searched (PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley database), 176 articles were selected. Literature data were analyzed by the logic analysis method. Results (1) Risk factors of PD include dairy products, pesticides, traumatic brain injury, and obesity. Protective factors include alcohol, tobacco, coffee, black tea, and physical activity. (2) Physical activity can reduce the risk and improve symptoms of PD and the beneficial forms of physical activity, including running, dancing, traditional Chinese martial arts, yoga, and weight training. (3) Different forms of physical activity alleviate the symptoms of PD through different mechanisms, including reducing the accumulation of α-syn protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing BDNF activity, nerve regeneration, and mitochondrial function. Conclusion Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD. Illustrating the molecular mechanism of physical activity-induced protective effect on PD is an urgent need for improving the efficacy of PD therapy regimens in the future. Copyright © 2020 Baozhu Fan et al.Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroidal sapogenin, is present abundantly in medicinal herbs such as Dioscorea rhizome, Dioscorea villosa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Smilax China, and Rhizoma polgonati. DG is utilized as a major starting material for the production of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities and medicinal properties, it has been used in the treatment of cancers, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and infections. Numerous studies have reported that DG is useful in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Its therapeutic mechanisms are based on the mediation of different signaling pathways, and targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. The present review mainly summarizes recent progress using DG and its derivatives as therapeutic agents for multiple neurological disorders along with their various mechanisms in the central nervous system. In particular, thoseneurodegenerative disorders were searched in the databases based on DG and its derivatives. Copyright © 2020 Bangrong Cai et al.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/mTOR.html