Notes

Nano-Biocatalysts: Probable Biotechnological Apps.
Combining low-tech augmentative and alternative communication, eye gaze technology, informal activities and formal assessment, yields greater insight into children's abilities. This is important in informing suitable support and education for the individual.
Combining low-tech augmentative and alternative communication, eye gaze technology, informal activities and formal assessment, yields greater insight into children's abilities. This is important in informing suitable support and education for the individual.
Children with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to develop behavioural and emotional problems. However, specific interventions for the treatment of these problems in children with ID have rarely been evaluated. Parent management training (PMT) has been shown to be effective in reducing behavioural and emotional problems for other mental disorders. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a special PMT intervention for parents of children with ID.

The PMT was developed based on existing programs for children with other mental disorders. The effects of the PMT were analysed in a randomised controlled trial (intervention group n = 21; waitlist control group n = 21). The primary outcome was behavioural and emotional problems of children as rated by parents. Additionally, effects on parent-rated family burden and positive and negative parenting were assessed.

For the primary outcome, a statistically significant reduction of behavioural and emotional problems of the children emerged, with moderate effects for disruptive/ antisocial behaviour and anxiety. Family burden was reduced as a trend, with a small effect size. There was a significant increase in positive parenting and no effect on negative parenting.
For the primary outcome, a statistically significant reduction of behavioural and emotional problems of the children emerged, with moderate effects for disruptive/ antisocial behaviour and anxiety. Family burden was reduced as a trend, with a small effect size. There was a significant increase in positive parenting and no effect on negative parenting.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatic malignancy worldwide. Recent reports focusing on the efficacy of apigenin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in combating the progress of HCC encouraged us to develop galactose-tailored PLGA NPs loaded with apigenin (API-GAL-NPs) for active liver targeting to treat HCC. Two kinds of apigenin NPs, such as apigenin-PLGA NPs (API-NPs) and API-GAL-NPs were fabricated and characterized by size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and in vitro drug release kinetics. In vitro assays were performed on HepG2 cells to check the cellular internalization, cytotoxic potential, and apoptotic potential of free apigenin (API), API-NPs, and API-GAL-NPs. In this stdy, API-GAL-NPs exhibited improved cellular internalization of API resulting in significantly high cytotoxic and apoptotic potentials to HepG2 cells over API and API-NPs. In in vivo studies, API-GAL-NPs exhibited a better protective effect against DEN-induced HCC in rats evidenced by the significant reduction of nodule formation, downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and induction of apoptosis in the liver than API and API-NPs. Histopathological studies and scintigraphic imaging also confirmed that API-GAL-NPs treatment achieved better therapeutic efficacy against DEN-induced HCC in rats over API-NPs. In conclusion, API-GAL-NPs may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against HCC in the future by achieving improved liver targeting.We investigated the preclinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of biodegradable polymeric particles containing isoniazid (INH) and rifabutin (RFB) dry powder for inhalation (DPI) as an adjunct to oral first-line therapy. Mice and guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) were treated with ∼80 and ∼300 μg of the DPI, respectively, for 3-4 weeks starting 3, 10, and 30 days post-infection. Adjunct combination therapy eliminated culturable Mtb from the lungs and spleens of all but one of 52 animals that received the DPI. Relapse-free cure was not achieved in one mouse that received DPI + oral, human-equivalent doses (HED) of four drugs used in the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), starting 30 days post-infection. Oral doses (20 mg/Kg/day, each) of INH + RFB reduced Mtb burden from ∼106 to ∼103 colony-forming units. Combining half the oral dose with DPI prevented relapse of infection four weeks after stopping the treatment. The DPI was safe in rodents, guinea pigs, and monkeys at 1, 10, and 100 μg/day doses over 90 days. In conclusion, we show the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the DPI as an adjunct to oral chemotherapy in three different animal models of TB.
To determine whether patients who experienced their first psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) at 50 years or older differed from those who developed PNES at a younger age, in terms of demographic, social/clinical as well as psychological measures.

The typical age for PNES onset is roughly between 20 and 40 years of age.Only a handful of studies have examined samples with PNES onset at an older age and therefore information about these individuals is limited.

This is a retrospective study of 75 consecutive individuals who developed (video EEG-confirmed diagnosis) PNES before age 50 years and 55 consecutive individuals who developed PNES at 50 years or more. learn more Patients were examined on demographics (age, education, working and relationship status), clinical (seizure frequency, trauma type sexual, multiple trauma, and health-related traumatic experiences), and self-report measures(Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Quality of Life Inventory in Epilepsy-31).

P and multiple), similarly elevated unemployment rates and low quality of life. The groups with different age of onset differed in the type of trauma experienced prior to the development of PNES. In addition, the younger onset group demonstrated a significantly higher use of avoidance as a stress-coping strategy.
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