Notes

Factor copula types regarding right-censored grouped success information.
5%) compared with 2006-07 (10.6%).

Our results indicate an increase in high-risk HPV types in women and a rather stable exposure in men. No clear effects of the strategy of girls-only vaccination were observed in men, probably because of the short time after introduction combined with suboptimal coverage.

No herd immunity has been observed yet in a population with suboptimal HPV vaccination coverage.
No herd immunity has been observed yet in a population with suboptimal HPV vaccination coverage.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in several malignancies, but few studies have examined multiple cancers simultaneously. We sought to conduct systematic assessments of the association between IGF-1 and cancer risk.

We conducted a prospective analysis between IGF-1 and incident total and 19 site-specific cancers among 412,645 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank with follow-up to 2016. IGF-1 was measured using blood samples provided at the baseline examination. HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with multivariable-adjusted Cox models with IGF-1 modeled both in sex-specific quintiles and continuously.

Participants were followed for a median of 7.2 years. We observed positive associations between circulating IGF-1 and overall cancer risk for both men (HR = 1.03 per 5-nmol/L increment in IGF-1; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06) and women (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). For specific sites, we observed positive associations for breast (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.14), prostate (1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.12), colorectum (1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11), melanoma (1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15), kidney (1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20), and thyroid (1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.42) and inverse associations for lung (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96), ovaries (0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.95), head and neck (0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99), and liver (0.32; 95% CI, 0.26-0.38). The inverse association between IGF-1 and lung cancer was observed only in ever-smokers (HR
= 0.88 vs. HR
= 1.14;
= 0.0005). Analyses comparing extreme quintiles were consistent.

IGF-1 is modestly associated with increased risk of total cancer in both men and women but demonstrated divergent associations for site-specific cancers.

Our study suggests that IGF-1 could serve as a target for cancer prevention or treatment.
Our study suggests that IGF-1 could serve as a target for cancer prevention or treatment.
Adolescence is a period of rapid prostatic growth, yet is understudied for susceptibility for future risk of prostate cancer. We examined cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in late adolescence in relation to long-term prostate cancer risk.

A population-based cohort study was conducted of all 699,125 Swedish military conscripts during 1972-1985 (97%-98% of 18-year-old men) in relation to risk of prostate cancer overall, aggressive prostate cancer, and prostate cancer mortality during 1998-2017 (ages 50-65 years). CRF was measured by maximal aerobic workload, and prostate cancer was ascertained using the National Prostate Cancer Register. Muscle strength was examined as a secondary predictor.

In 38.8 million person-years of follow-up, 10,782 (1.5%) men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, height, weight, and family history of prostate cancer, high CRF was associated with a slightly increased risk of any prostate cancer [highest vs. lowest quintile incidence rate ratio tial detection bias.
The differential occurrence of second primary cancers by race following ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the incidence of second primary gynecologic cancers (SPGC) following definitive therapy for ovarian cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine differences in SPGC incidence by Asian ethnic subgroups.

We identified 27,602 women ages 20 years and older and diagnosed with first primary epithelial ovarian cancer between 2000 and 2016 who received surgery and chemotherapy in 18 population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program registries. We compared the incidence of SPGC with expected incidence rates in the general population of women using estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

The incidence of SPGC was lower among White women (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89), and higher among Black (SIR = 1.80; 95% CI, 0.96-3.08) and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women (SIR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07-2.93). Increased risk of vaginal cancers was observed among all women, although risk estimates were highest among API women (SIR = 26.76; 95% CI, 5.52-78.2) and were also significant for risk of uterine cancers (SIR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.35-4.33). Among API women, only Filipinas had significantly increased incidence of SPGC overall including both uterine and vaginal cancers.

Risk of SPGC following treatment of ovarian cancer differs by race and ethnicity, with Filipina women having the highest rates of second gynecologic cancers among Asian women.

Ensuring access and adherence to surveillance may mitigate ethnic differences in the early detection and incidence of second gynecologic cancers.
Ensuring access and adherence to surveillance may mitigate ethnic differences in the early detection and incidence of second gynecologic cancers.
Accumulating evidence has shown that serum calcium and vitamin D may be associated with or influence various cancer risks. However, no prospective studies have evaluated the independent and joint associations between prediagnostic levels of serum calcium and vitamin D and future risk of incident primary liver cancer.

We used a nested case-control design to evaluate subjects over 22 years of follow-up. Serum calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and three markers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus were measured in baseline serum from 226 incident primary liver cancer cases and 1,061 matched controls. selleckchem We calculated ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression to estimate the associations between calcium, 25(OH)D, and primary liver cancer risk.

Multivariable adjusted models showed that subjects with both low (OR
= 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01-2.17) or high (OR
= 1.92, 95% CI = 1.34-2.76) calcium had an increased primary liver cancer risk, while those with high 25(OH)D had a decreased risk of primary liver cancer (OR
= 0.
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