Notes

Complexness of the partnership between 2D/3D urban morphology along with the property surface temperature: the multiscale standpoint.
Among them, 343 cases included previously prescribed adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI), with 225 (66%) usages prior to hospital arrival. There was no significant difference in the admission rate between the cases in which AAIs were used and those with adrenaline administered in the hospital (68% and 72%, respectively).

The proportion of tree nuts in food-induced anaphylaxis increased significantly. Although prehospital AAI use has become widespread, it was not associated with lower admission rate compared to in-hospital adrenaline usage.
The proportion of tree nuts in food-induced anaphylaxis increased significantly. Although prehospital AAI use has become widespread, it was not associated with lower admission rate compared to in-hospital adrenaline usage.
Evidence regarding independent effects of maternal smoking in different time frames of pregnancy and maternal exposure to secondhand smoke on the development of wheeze/asthma in her offspring is limited. We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to tobacco smoke on wheeze/asthma development at 1 year of age in her offspring using data from the nationwide birth cohort study in Japan.

Pregnant women who lived in the 15 designated regional centers throughout Japan were recruited. We obtained information about maternal smoking or secondhand smoke status and wheeze/asthma development in the offspring from a self-administered questionnaire.

We analyzed 90,210 singleton births. Current maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risks of wheeze/asthma in the offspring compared with no maternal smoking (wheeze 1-10 cigarettes/day adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.436, 95% CI 1.270-1.624; ≧11 cigarettes/day aOR 1.669, 95% CI 1.341-2.078; asthma 1-10 cigarettes/day aOR 1.389, 95% CI 1.087-1.774; ≧11 cigarettes/day aOR 1.565, 95% CI 1.045-2.344). Daily maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy also increased the risks of wheeze/asthma in her offspring compared with no secondhand smoke exposure (wheeze aOR 1.166, 95% CI 1.083-1.256; asthma aOR 1.258, 95% CI 1.075-1.473). The combination of current maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal history of allergy increased the risks of wheeze/asthma in her offspring (wheeze aOR 2.007, 95% CI 1.739-2.317; asthma aOR 1.995, 95% CI 1.528-2.605).

We found that current maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy increased the risks of wheeze and asthma in her offspring.
We found that current maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy increased the risks of wheeze and asthma in her offspring.Host-microbiome interactions exert a profound influence on human physiology and health outcomes. In particular, certain characteristics of commensal microbiota during a critical period in early life are essential for the establishment of immune tone and metabolic control. An increasing body of evidence suggests that early life exposures that disrupt these interactions can substantially influence life-long risks for respiratory disease. Here, we explore how such early life exposures, including antibiotic exposure, maternal diet, preterm birth, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and environmental variables shape the infant microbiome, and the mechanisms by such changes can in turn impact respiratory health.Exposure to environmental hazards occurs from the earliest stages of development. There are a broad range of environmental hazards, and virtually all children are exposed to these hazards during the critical period of growth and development. The burden of many chronic diseases continues to rise, and life course studies have shown that early exposure to environmental hazards is associated with non-communicable disease in later years. This review will discuss the environmental exposures associated with four non-respiratory chronic diseases obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodevelopmental /neurodegenerative conditions.
Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) produce anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects, reduce seizures and improve the cognitive state in patients with epilepsy. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of KDT in children with refractory epilepsy (effectiveness, side effects, impact on nutritional status and growth).

A retrospective and prospective observational descriptive study was conducted in a Spanish tertiary hospital (January 2000 to December 2018). One hundred sixty pediatric patients with epilepsy were treated with KDT (82 males; mean age 5 years 9 months). Seizures, anti-epileptic drugs, anthropometric measures, side effects, and laboratory assessment were monitored baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the onset of KDT.

In these time intervals, the seizure-free patients were 13.7, 12.5, 14.4 and 10.6%, respectively, and a reduction of seizures≥50% was achieved in 41.9, 37.5, 28.7 and 16.2%. Side effects were frequent, especially digestive disorders, hypercalciuria, hypoglycemia, hepatic dysfunction and dyslipidemia. Prealbumin, retinol binding protein, vitamin A and magnesium decreased significantly. BTK signaling pathway inhibitors Height was affected, especially in children below 2 years.

KDT are effective for refractory epilepsy in children. However, adverse effects are frequent, and it may affect nutritional status and growth.
KDT are effective for refractory epilepsy in children. However, adverse effects are frequent, and it may affect nutritional status and growth.The aim of this article is to survey the accessible writing on the pathogenetic systems engaged with the relationship between oral malignancy and periodontitis. Gingival tissue contains multiple microbiota, which can induce inflammatory reactions. This reaction plays a crucial role in assessing the susceptibility of patients to periodontal diseases. The link between chronic periodontitis and the risk of malignancy through this inflammation of the affected epithelium have been studied thoroughly. Many studies have reported that, chronic periodontitis has systemic influence which has high risk of developing different types of cancers. Also, various confounding factors such as consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet, age and gender have been found to be associated with both chronic periodontitis and oral cancer. An online quest for a wide range of articles distributed was started utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed, with the keywords, for example, 'oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)', 'oral microbiota,' 'microorganisms and malignancy and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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