Notes

Effect of the actual Coal Preparing Process upon Mercury Flows and also By-products in Coal Combustion Programs.
These results are useful for development of new rice varieties with good agronomic traits and high grain Zn using MAS, and identification of genetic resources with the novel QTLs for grain Zn.To explore the editing specificity of CRISPR/Cpf1 system, effects of target mutation were systematically examined using a reporter activation assay, with a set of single-nucleotide mutated target site. Consistent with our previous study performed with CRISPR/Cas9, a "core" sequence region that is highly sensitive to target mutation was characterized. The region is of 4-nucleotide long, located from +4 to +7 position of the target site, and positioned within a positively charged central channel when assembled into Cpf1 endonuclease. Single-nucleotide mutation at the core sequence could abolish gene editing mediated by a however active sgRNA. With a great majority of the target sites, a kind of 'super' off-target gene editing was observed with both CRISPR/Cpf1 and CRISPR/Cas9. For a given target site, mutation at certain positions led to greatly enhanced off-target gene editing efficacy, even up to 10-fold of that of the fully-matched target. Study further found that these effects were determined by the identity of target nucleotide, rather than the nucleotide of crRNA. This likely suggests that the interactions between target nucleotide and the endonuclease are involved in this process.Autophagy is essential for cellular survival and energy homeostasis under nutrient deprivation. Despite the emerging importance of nuclear events in autophagy regulation, epigenetic control of autophagy gene transcription remains unclear. Here, we report fasting-induced Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21) signaling activates hepatic autophagy and lipid degradation via Jumonji-D3 (JMJD3/KDM6B) histone demethylase. Upon FGF21 signaling, JMJD3 epigenetically upregulates global autophagy-network genes, including Tfeb, Atg7, Atgl, and Fgf21, through demethylation of histone H3K27-me3, resulting in autophagy-mediated lipid degradation. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of JMJD3 at Thr-1044 by FGF21 signal-activated PKA increases its nuclear localization and interaction with the nuclear receptor PPARα to transcriptionally activate autophagy. Administration of FGF21 in obese mice improves defective autophagy and hepatosteatosis in a JMJD3-dependent manner. Remarkably, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, hepatic expression of JMJD3, ATG7, LC3, and ULK1 is substantially decreased. These findings demonstrate that FGF21-JMJD3 signaling epigenetically links nutrient deprivation with hepatic autophagy and lipid degradation in mammals.Current designs of artificial metamaterials with giant Poisson's ratios proposed microlattices that secrete the transverse displacement nonlinearly varies with the longitudinal displacement, and the Poisson's ratio depends on the applied strain (i.e., tailorable Poisson's ratio). Whereas metamaterials with tailorable Poisson's ratios would find many important applications, the design of a metamaterial with a giant Poisson's ratio that is constant over all the material deformation range has been a major challenge. Here, we develop a new class of bimaterial-3D-metamaterials with giant and strain-independent Poisson's ratios (i.e., Poisson's ratio is constant over the entire deformation range). Opaganib The unit cell is 3D assembled of hinged-struts. Specially designed spherical hinges were utilized to give constant Poisson's ratios. This new class of metamaterials has been demonstrated by means of experimental and numerical mechanics. 15 material samples were 3D printed by Stereolithography (SLA) and tested. We revealed a robust anisotropy dependence of the Poisson's ratio. A giant negative Poisson's ratio of -16 was obtained utilizing a highly anisotropic unit cell of dissimilar materials and stiffnesses. Materials with giant and strain-independent Poisson's ratios provide a new class of artificial metamaterials, which would be used to optimize the performance of many existing devices, e.g., strain amplifiers and gauges.Endothelial cells take pivotal roles in the heart and the vascular system and their differentiation, subspecification and function is determined by gene expression. A stable, in vitro cardiac endothelial cell line could provide high cell numbers as needed for many epigenetic analyses and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell biology. To test their suitability for transcriptomic or epigenetic studies, we compared the transcriptome of cultured immortalized mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCEC) to primary cardiac endothelial cells (pEC). Whole transcriptome comparison of MCEC and pEC showed a correlation of 0.75-0.77. Interestingly, correlation of gene expression declined in endothelial cell-typical genes. In MCEC, we found a broad downregulation of genes that are highly expressed in pEC, including well-described markers of endothelial cell differentiation. Accordingly, systematic analysis revealed a downregulation of genes associated with typical endothelial cell functions in MCEC, while genes related to mitotic cell cycle were upregulated when compared to pEC. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that primary cardiac endothelial cells should preferably be used for genome-wide transcriptome or epigenome studies. The suitability of in vitro cell lines for experiments investigating single genes or signaling pathways should be carefully validated before use.Paulownia species are important ecological, economic and ornamental species, but their phylogenetic relationship remains unclear, which seriously affects the development and utilization of these important resources. The complete chloroplast genomes of six Paulownia species were assembled by next-generation sequencing data. By adding two known Paulownia chloroplast genomes to these six assembled genomes, we performed the comparative analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction of Paulownia. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes of Paulownia species ranged in size from 154,107 to 154,694 bp. These chloroplast genomes contained 117 unique functional genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 33 tRNA genes. Twelve hotspot regions, five protein-coding genes and seven noncoding regions, were identified in the chloroplast genomes that showed high levels of sequence variation. Additionally, positive selection was observed in three genes, rps2, rbcL and ndhG. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analysis strongly supported the monophyletic origin of Paulownia species, which clustered into two major clades One clade included P.
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