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Sun Exposure, Getting brownish naturally Behaviours, along with Too much sun: Looking at Routines Related to Harmful Ultraviolet Light Exposures while attending college Pupils.
In Scenario 3 (wetland restoration), proposes transformation plans from the network and modularization perspective in response to quantitative restoration and morphological fragmentation of wetlands. The adaptation and transformation plans presented in this study can provide prediction results suitable for various contingencies such as the current state, acceleration of development, and wetlands restoration. This study is also meaningful in that it proposes plans from the perspective of resilience by predicting the change of the Songdo area, which is scheduled to be developed by 2030.As an emerging pollutant, microplastic has been demonstrated to widely cover water and sediments in marine and freshwater environments globally. Due to the differences in the regional functions of cities, the abundance and characteristics of microplastic pollution in rivers are different. Taking the Minjiang River as the research object, which flows through the Chengdu Plain, the abundance, composition, shape, and size of microplastics in the water and sediments of the Minjiang River were investigated. The results showed that serious microplastic pollution occurred in the Chengdu section of the Minjiang River, with an abundance ranging from 6.11-44.08 n/L in the water and from 573.84-2878.97 n/kg in the sediments. By using the "regional function index (Q)", the relationships between the characteristics of microplastic pollution and regional functions were analyzed. Areas with a high Q proved to be more polluted by microplastics. Densely populated areas with large construction areas and high human activity intensity tended to generate microplastics with larger sizes and a more fiber-like shapes. Rayon (RA) and nylon (PA) were identified as typical urban microplastics, while polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were identified as typical agricultural microplastics. This study elucidated the microplastic pollution in the Chengdu section of the Minjiang River, a tributary in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It also provided a new direction for the study of microplastic pollution characteristics of freshwater environments with different regional functions and microplastic pollution source control.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gained attention because of their environmental persistence and effects on ecosystems, animals, and human health. They are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. The review provides background knowledge about their sources, metabolism, temporal variations, and size distribution in atmospheric particulate matter. The review article briefly discusses the analytical methods suitable for the extraction, characterization, and quantification of nonpolar and polar PAHs, addressing the challenges. Herein, we discussed the molecular diagnostic ratios (DRs), stable carbon isotopic analysis (SCIA), and receptor models, with much emphasis on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, for apportioning PAH sources. Among which, DRs and PCA identified as the most widely employed method, but their accuracy for PAH source identification has received global criticism. Therefore, the review recommends compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) and PMF as the best alternative midentify the key factors that could undermine the accuracy of the ILCR and research gaps that need further investigation.In this study, a new chemiluminescent method based on the dependence of luminol light emission induced by free radicals in airborne particulate matter (PM) is proposed as a screening assay for the rapid characterization of samples from different sources based on their redox properties. This parameter is considered critical for assessing particulate matter toxicity and its impacts on human health. We propose a cell-free, luminescent assay to evaluate the redox potential of particulate matter directly on the filters employed to collect it. A joint chemometric approach based on Principal Component Analysis and Hotelling Analysis was applied to quickly sort out ambient particulate samples with a significantly different light emission profile caused by Luminol reaction. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, the association of the samples light emission intensity with their chemical composition and emission sources was attempted. learn more The overall methodology was tested with certified reference materials and applied to two series of particulate matter samples previously subjected to thorough chemical speciation and subsequent source apportionment. The results show the effectiveness of the luminescent method, allowing the quick assessment of particulate matter oxidative potential, but providing further evidence on the complexity of the oxidative potential determination in this kind of samples. The chemometric processing of the whole dataset clearly highlights the distinct behavior among the two series of samples, the certificate standard reference materials, and the blank controls, supporting the suitability of the approach.In a scenario where escalating human activities lead to several environmental changes and, consequently, affect mammal abundance and distribution, β-diversity may increase due to differences among sites. Using the ecological uniqueness approach, we analyzed β-diversity patterns of ground-dwelling mammal communities recorded through comprehensive camera trap monitoring within eight tropical forests protected areas in Mesoamerica and South America under variable landscape contexts. We aimed to investigate whether the contribution of single sites (LCBD) and single species (SCBD) to overall β-diversity could be explained by community metrics and environmental variables, and by species metrics and biological traits, respectively. Total β-diversity was also partitioned into species replacement and richness difference. We related LCBD to species richness, total relative abundance, functional indices, and environmental variables (tree basal area, protected area size, NDVI, and precipitation seasonality), and SCBD to ntributed most to β-diversity.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. The disease led to significant mortality and morbidity in Turkey, since the first case was reported on March 11th, 2020. Studies suggest a positive association between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ambient particulate matters (PM), as potential carriers for SARS-CoV-2. Ambient PM samples in various size ranges were collected from 13 sites including urban and urban-background locations and hospital gardens in 10 cities across Turkey between 13th of May and 14th of June 2020 to investigate the possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on ambient PM. A total of 203 daily samples (TSP, n = 80; PM2.5, n = 33; PM2.5-10, n = 23; PM10μm, n = 19; and 6 size segregated PM, n = 48) were collected using various samplers. The N1 gene and RdRP gene expressions were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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