Notes

Effect of Med diet on liver digestive enzymes: a deliberate assessment and also meta-analysis associated with randomised manipulated studies.
Thus, after 100 years of research, we now know that insulinotropic hormones from the gut are indispensable for normal glucose tolerance. The loss of the incretin effect in type 2 diabetes, therefore, contributes greatly to the impaired postprandial glucose control.
Health authorities are advising smokers to quit to reduce their COVID-related risk. The types of messages that may be effective in alerting smokers to this risk and encouraging a quit attempt are unknown. The aim of this study was to test a series of messages to identify potentially effective communication approaches.

An online survey was completed by 1509 smokers across three countries (Australia n = 604; New Zealand n = 304; United Kingdom n = 601) in April-May 2020. Respondents were randomly assigned to view just one of four quit messages, two of which explicitly referred to the coronavirus, one referred to risk of chest infection, and one encouraged cessation for financial reasons. Outcome variables included quit intentions, further information seeking, message perceptions, and health and financial concerns.

All four messages were associated with significant differences in the proportions of respondents intending to quit within the following 2 wk (increase range 11%-34%) and with substantial proportions of respondents electing to access additional information (range 37%-50%). The differences in intentions were significantly larger for the two health-related messages that specifically mentioned the coronavirus. All messages were perceived favorably in terms of acceptability, believability, effectiveness, and personal relevance. Negligible differences in health and financial concerns were observed.

Smokers in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom appear likely to be receptive to messages about their COVID-related risk. Such messages have the potential to increase quit intentions and prompt information-seeking behaviors.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to encourage smokers to quit to reduce both their COVID-related risks and their risks of a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to encourage smokers to quit to reduce both their COVID-related risks and their risks of a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
Approximately 25% of youth in the United States speak a language other than English at home. These youth may have less exposure to English-speaking media, including public smoking prevention initiatives such as the FDA's 'The Real Cost' campaign. Research is needed to explore potential gaps in the reach of 'The Real Cost' campaign among bilingual youth.

Data were pooled from the 2017-2019 National Youth Tobacco Surveys. Participants were n=12,803 middle and high school students who were either (1) susceptible never smokers; or (2) ever smokers that had smoked less than 100 cigarettes; these criteria reflect the FDA's definition of "target population" for 'The Real Cost' campaign. Multiple, logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between speaking a language other than English at home (i.e., bilingual) and self-reported exposure to 'The Real Cost' campaign among both samples. Analyses controlled for sex, race/ethnicity, grade level, tobacco marketing exposure, and current tobacco use.

The majority (61.7%) of youth who met "target population" criteria self-reported exposure to 'The Real Cost' from 2017-2019. Regression analyses found that youth who reported speaking a language other than English at home were significantly less likely to self-report exposure to 'The Real Cost' campaign (aOR 0.85; P < 0.001), adjusting for covariates.

Bilingual youth were significantly less likely to report exposure to 'The Real Cost' campaign. Findings suggest the need to develop methods of increasing reach among bilingual youth, given the high smoking prevalence among these youth.
Bilingual youth were significantly less likely to report exposure to 'The Real Cost' campaign. Findings suggest the need to develop methods of increasing reach among bilingual youth, given the high smoking prevalence among these youth.
Locally advanced pheochromocytoma (LAP) behavior remains unknown.

To characterize this population and its recurrence-free survival (RFS).

A retrospective multicentric study run within the ENDOCAN-COMETE network and GTE from 2003 to 2018.

11 French Referral centers.

Patients with LAP as defined by capsular invasion, vascular invasion, adipose tissue invasion and/or positive locoregional lymph nodes at diagnosis without evidence of distant metastasis.

Recurrence was defined as the reappearance of the tumor, including local site and/or distant metastasis. The primary endpoint was RFS analysis. The secondary endpoints were characterization, overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors of recurrence.

Among 950 patients, 90 exhibited LAP criteria (9%). PZ-51 55 met the inclusion criteria (median age 53 years-old, 61% males, 14% with a germline mutation, 84% with a catecholamine excess). LAP was defined by 31 (56%) capsular invasions, 27 (49%) fat invasions, 6 (11%) positive lymph nodes and 22 (40%) vascular invasions. After a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 6-180), 12 patients (22%) had recurrences and 3 (5%) died of a metastatic disease. Median RFS was 115 months (range, 6-168). The recurrences were local in 2 patients, distant in 2 and both local and distant in 8 patients. Median OS of patients was not reached. Size above 6.5cm (p=0.019) and Ki-67>2% (p=0.028) were identified as independent significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis.

LAP represents 9% of pheochromocytoma's population and is characterized by a metastatic behavior. This study paved the way of a future pathological TNM classification.
LAP represents 9% of pheochromocytoma's population and is characterized by a metastatic behavior. This study paved the way of a future pathological TNM classification.
Fatigue can be induced after acceleration exposure, however its mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine whether metabolites' changes can decrease cognitive and physical function after acceleration.

Graybiel scale and Fatigue Self-rating scale were used to assess the seasickness and fatigue degrees of 87 male seafarers respectively after sailing. To test the effect of pyruvate on cognitive and physical functions, five different doses of pyruvate were administrated into rats. Insulin can reduce the accumulation of pyruvate. To observe the insulin effect on pyruvate, cognitive and physical functions after acceleration, insulin administration or treatment of promoting insulin secretion was used. Physical and cognitive functions were assessed using open field test (OFT), morris water maze (MWM) and loaded swimming test (LST) in animals.

Physical and cognitive abilities were decreased obviously, and serum pyruvate increased mostly in human and rats after acceleration. Compared with vehicle group, physical and cognitive abilities were significantly decreased after pyruvate administration.
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