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Background Youth often experience stressors leading to negative long-term outcomes. Enhancing social-emotional attributes is important to foster resiliency to face these challenges. Yoga may enhance social-emotional resiliency among youth. However, research replicating such results in school-settings is limited. This research details an investigation of the effects of the Kripalu Yoga in the Schools (KYIS) intervention integrated into a physical education class among a racially/ethnically diverse student population.Method Middle school sixth grade students (n = 23 students; 52% female; mean age = 12.1 years) were either enrolled in physical education class that included KYIS (n = 9), or were enrolled in art and music (control condition; n = 14). To evaluate effects on student characteristics, self-report questionnaires of social-emotional competence and problem behaviour were administered pre- and post-delivery of the curriculum.Results Students receiving the intervention increased in social-emotional competence over time relative to the control condition. Although promising, results should be interpreted with caution, as students who received the yoga intervention scored significantly lower on social-emotional competence than students in the control group at pre-intervention measurement time point.Conclusions Yoga may improve social-emotional competence among youth and future research should explore the utility of yoga curricula in school settings.BACKGROUND Malnutrition is generally due to a lack of nutritional information rather than food deficiency. Therefore, the current knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of the target audience should be evaluated to eliminate malnutrition. However, KAP varies across demographic status and socioeconomic status (SES). AIM The associations of nutritional KAP with demographic and socioeconomic variables were evaluated among households living in urban and rural areas of southwestern Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 842 household heads (492 urban and 350 rural) using a standardized NUTRIKAP Household Questionnaire. The data evaluating nutritional KAP as well as demographic and socioeconomic information were obtained using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. SES score was also computed. RESULTS Urban households had a higher level of nutritional knowledge (p less then 0.05) but a lower level of nutritional attitude (p less then 0.001) and practice (p less then 0.001) compared with the rural ones. selleckchem Rural households with the poorest quintiles of SES were 0.4 times less likely to have good nutritional knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4, confidence interval 0.2, 0.9; p less then 0.05), compared with higher quintiles. Households with an over-60-years-old household head had significantly higher nutritional attitude (p less then 0.05) and practice (p less then 0.01) scores than households with younger ones. Households with male household heads had a higher nutritional practice score compared with households with female ones. CONCLUSIONS These results can indicate the role of demographic and socioeconomic determinants in KAP of Iranian households towards the principle of nutrition and can be effective in prioritizing the implementation of nutritional interventions including nutrition education for them.This study investigated the antioxidant defense system involved in the tolerance of soybean (Glycine max) to aluminum (Al) stress. Physiological assays showed that the amount of superoxide free radicals (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in an Al-resistant soybean cultivar (cv. PI416937) than in an Al-sensitive soybean cultivar (cv. Huachun18). Comparative analysis of microarray data from both genotypes following Al-stress treatment revealed that the expression of a series of antioxidant enzymes genes was induced in the Al-resistant cultivar. The quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay showed that the transcript levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, including GmCAT1, GmPOD1, GmGST1, GmAPX, GmGSH1, and GmSOD, were higher in the Al-resistant cultivar than in the Al-sensitive cultivar in Al-stress conditions. Furthermore, GmCAT1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had improved tolerance to Al-stress and lower O2-, H2O2, and MDA contents than wild-type plants. Therefore, providing evidence that the antioxidant defense system is essential for Al tolerance in soybean.Abbreviations Al aluminum; O2- superoxide free radicals; ROS reactive oxygen species; H2O2 hydrogen peroxide; MDA malondialdehyde; qRT-PCR quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; GO gene ontology; WT wild type; MS medium Murashige and Skoog medium.OBJECTIVE To explore the immediate and 1-year outcomes of patients who underwent implantation with the slim modiolar electrode (SME). STUDY DESIGN Consecutive case series with chart review. SETTING Tertiary referral academic center. SUBJECT AND METHODS Between May 2016 and August 2018, a total of 326 cochlear implantations (CIs) were performed. Intraoperative x-rays were performed in all cases to identify tip rollovers. Scalar location was identified for 76 CIs that had postoperative computed tomography reconstructions. Speech outcomes were measured at 3, 6, and 12 months with consonant-nucleus-consonant word and AzBio sentences in quiet and noise (+10-dB signal-to-noise ratio). Preservation of hearing was defined as maintaining a low-frequency pure tone average ≤80 dB at 250 and 500 Hz. RESULTS Among 326 CIs, 23 (7%) had tip rollovers. Postoperative reconstructions revealed 5 of 76 (6.6%) scalar translocations. A subset of 177 cases met criteria for evaluation of speech perception scores. The marginal mean differences between presurgery and 12 months for speech tests were as follows consonant-nucleus-consonant, 43.7 (95% CI, 39.8-47.6); AzBio in quiet, 49.7 (95% CI, 44.9-54.4); and AzBio in noise, 29.9 (95% CI, 25.2-34.7). Sixty-one patients were identified with preservable hearing (low-frequency pure tone average ≤80 dB), and 12 of 61 (20%) preserved hearing at 1 year. CONCLUSION CI with SME provides reliable scala tympani insertion in a consistent perimodiolar position. An initially increased tip rollover rate improved with case volume and sheath design improvement. For long-term outcomes, speech performance was comparable to that of other cochlear implants. While hearing preservation for the SME may be better than prior perimodiolar electrodes, consistent outcomes are unlikely.
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