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Epicardial extra fat thickness is associated with retinopathy in individuals with recently diagnosed blood pressure.
This Letter proposes a circularly polarized (CP) light GaN micro-LED which is integrated with functional metasurfaces. The one-dimensional metallic nanograting can achieve a high transverse electric (TE) reflectivity ($rmR_rmTE$) and extinction ratio (ER) of TE and transverse magnetic (TM) waves, which is highly polarized output for micro-LEDs. Besides, the nanograting, which is integrated on the bottom of the GaN layer, can also support a resonant cavity, together with the top distributed Bragg reflector, which can shape the radiation pattern. By optimizing the structure parameters of nanograting, the $rmR_rmTE$ achieves over 80%, and the ER reaches higher than 38 dB at 450 nm for the GaN micro-LED. Additionally, the metasurface, which acts as a quarter-wave plate, was investigated to control the phase delay between the polarization state of the electric wave in two orthogonal components. Finally, the circular shape of the transmitted pattern denotes the high performance of the metasurface which is integrated in the micro-LED for CP light emission. The work reported in this Letter might provide potential application in a 3D polarized light display.Quantum defect (QD)-induced high thermal load in high-power fiber lasers can largely affect the conversion efficiency, pose a threat to the system security, and even prohibit the further power scaling. In this Letter, we investigate evolutions and influences of the reflectivity of the output coupler, the length of phosphosilicate fiber, and the pump bandwidth, and demonstrate a hundred-watt-level low-QD Raman fiber laser (RFL). The RFL enabled by the boson peak of phosphosilicate fiber achieves a maximum power of 100.9 W with a reduced QD down to 0.97%; the corresponding conversion efficiency reaches 69.8%. This Letter may offer not only an alternative scheme for a high-power, high-efficiency fiber laser, but also great potential on the suppression of thermal-induced effects such as thermal mode instability and the thermal lens effect.An efficient method for the calculation of the optical force of a single nanoparticle is proposed based on the expansion of quasinormal modes (QNMs), which are eigensolutions of source-free Maxwell's equations with complex eigenfrequencies. In this method, the optical force is calculated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) over a closed surface encompassing the nanoparticle. The electromagnetic (EM) field required for evaluating the MST is computed by a rigorous modal analysis, in which the EM field is expanded onto a small set of QNMs. Once the QNMs of the nanoparticle are solved, their excitation coefficients are obtained analytically. This means that additional full-wave computations are not required if the nanoparticle's location and the wavelength or distribution of the excitation field vary. Comparisons with full-wave numerical calculations of optical force evidence the high efficiency and accuracy of our formalism.Soot temperature measurements in laminar flames are often performed through two-color broadband emission pyrometry (BEMI) or modulated absorption/emission (BMAE) techniques, using models to relate the ratio between flame intensities at two different wavelengths with soot temperature. To benefit from wider spectral range and increase the accuracy of experimental estimation of soot temperature, this work proposes a new approach that uses three-color broadband images captured with a basic color camera. The methodology is first validated through simulations using numerically generated flames from the CoFlame code and then used to retrieve soot temperature in an experimental campaign. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ncb-0846.html The experimental results show that using three-color and BEMI provides smoother reconstruction of soot temperature than two-color and BMAE when small disturbances exist in the measured signals due to a reduced experimental noise effect. A sensitivity analysis shows that the retrieved temperature from three-color BEMI is more resilient to variations on the ratio of measured signals than BMAE, which is confirmed by an error propagation analysis based on a Monte Carlo approach.We present a convolutional neural network architecture for inverse Raman amplifier design. This model aims at finding the pump powers and wavelengths required for a target signal power evolution in both distance along the fiber and in frequency. Using the proposed framework, the prediction of the pump configuration required to achieve a target power profile is demonstrated numerically with high accuracy in C-band considering both counter-propagating and bidirectional pumping schemes. For a distributed Raman amplifier based on a 100 km single-mode fiber, a low mean set (0.51, 0.54, and 0.64 dB) and standard deviation set (0.62, 0.43, and 0.38 dB) of the maximum test error are obtained numerically employing two and three counter-, and four bidirectional propagating pumps, respectively.We propose an estimation scheme for a radio-frequency (RF) signal based on microwave and millimeter-wave photonics to avoid degradation of measurement accuracy due to RF devices used in signal detection. In this scheme, two-parallel optical phase modulation and low-pass optical direct detection of the interference signal are utilized, enabling the transfer of complex amplitudes of the RF signal into the interfered lightwave. A 10 GHz RF signal is successfully evaluated from the 20 kHz oscillation signal obtained from the direct detection. This scheme can be applied to signals in the millimeter-wave region because it does not require wide bandwidth detection and optical-domain filtering by using a special optical filter.We report on sub-50 fs pulse generation from a passively mode-locked (ML) Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser operating in a 2 µm spectral region. A $rm Tm,rm Horm Ca(rm Gd,rm Lu)rm AlO_4$ laser delivers pulses as short as 46 fs at 2033 nm with an average power of 121 mW at a pulse repetition rate of $sim78;rm MHz$ employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror as a saturable absorber. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever generated from a Tm- and/or Ho-based solid-state laser. Polarization switching in the anisotropic gain material is observed in the ML regime without any polarization selection elements which is essential for the shortest pulses.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ncb-0846.html
     
 
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