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To verify this, the finite element method (FEM) model for the non-isothermal process was established, and the feasibility of this process was analyzed. A hexagonal continuous surface Fresnel lens array was then fabricated, and its geometrical contour and imaging performance were tested. The experimental results showed this new process could be an effective and low-cost optical fabrication technology for high-quality production of Fresnel lens arrays.This study represents a modified adaptive filter to suppress the beat noise of four-frequency differential laser gyro (FFDLG), which greatly affects the result of the eightfold digital subdivision. By constructing the demodulated signal model of FFDLG, the influence of beat noise to digital subdivision is analyzed. Based on the least mean square adaptive algorithm, a process of signal reconstruction and dead-zone operator of error are adopted in the modified adaptive algorithm. When implemented on a field-programmable gate array chip, the filter replaces the multiplication with 21 multiplexer to reduce the complexity of algorithm and resources in circuit. This circuit effectively suppresses the beat noise of the demodulated signal without changing the optical structure of the FFDLG and increases the signal-to-noise ratio from 20 dB to about 40 dB, which is conducive to improving the performance of the FFDLG.The correction of spatial resolution and distortion in imaging spectrometer systems is of great importance due to their significant impact on efficiency and quality. In this study, we analyze the corrective power of freeforms added at different positions in various spectrometer systems for high-performance requirements. The results show that the combination of a freeform prism and a second freeform close to the image has the best correction of distortion while preserving spot size.Aiming at lower startup power consumption, stronger thermal load adaptability, easier parameters adjustment, and higher parameter tuning efficiency for the temperature control system of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) semiconductor laser, this paper employs the double-loop control and intelligent parameter tuning methods. First, the thermal equivalent circuit model is established for the laser temperature control system, which has stronger thermal load adaptability than the traditional transfer function model. In order to improve the modeling speed and accuracy, a mean impact value (MIV) quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) intelligent algorithm is proposed to tune the model parameters. A double-loop temperature control system is set up on this basis. Then, the MIV-QPSO intelligent algorithm is used to tune the control parameters, which shortens the settling time, increases the tuning efficiency, and improves the temperature control effect. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation of the laser temperature control process.Lateral shearing interferometry is widely applied in wavefront sensing, optical components testing, and defect inspection. The procedure of reconstructing the wavefront is the most specific difference between lateral shearing interferometry and other classical methods such as the Fizeau and Twyman interferometers. The speed and accuracy are two main features to evaluate the performance of one wavefront reconstruction method. In this work, optimized procedures for three typical wavefront reconstruction methods-the iterative FFT wavefront reconstruction method (FFT method), the partial differential least-squares method (LSQ method), and the difference Zernike polynomial fitting method (DZF method)-are designed. The calculation speeds of the three wavefront reconstruction methods are evaluated with different GPUs and CPUs. learn more According to the test results, the DZF method is the fastest method both in the GPUs and CPUs. The shortest processing times of the DZF, FFT, and LSQ methods are 100, 449, and 494 ms, respectively, with the wavefront size of 1024×1024pixels. The calculation speeds of the FFT method and the LSQ method are similar in the CPUs, and the FFT method is faster in the GPUs. The relationship between the consumed time and the wavefront size is an exponential function in the CPUs and a power function in the GPUs. Generally speaking, GPUs' processing speeds are faster than CPUs'. But CPUs can be faster than GPUs when the test wavefront sizes are smaller than 64×64pixels. Besides, the differences between the consumed times of different CPUs are relatively smaller than those of the GPUs.Lens arrays are introduced to diminish the total internal reflection (TIR) that happens at chip-encapsulant and encapsulant-air interfaces of chip-on-board light-emitting diodes (COB-LEDs), so as to improve the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the COB-LEDs. However, the LEE of COB-LEDs with lens array depends on the refractive index of the encapsulant layer nencap and lens array nlens, which was rarely concerned so far. Optical simulations based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing method, and experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nencap and nlens on the LEE of COB-LEDs with millilens array. The simulated results show that the TIR at chip-encapsulant, encapsulant-lens, and lens-air interfaces can be significantly diminished by regulating the nencap and nlens, and the LEE of COB-LEDs decreases as the refractive difference of encapsulant layer and lens array |nlens-nencap| increases. Compared to the COB-LEDs with only a flat encapsulant layer, the LEEs of blue and white COB-LEDs with nlens=nencap=nITO=2 are enhanced by 246.2% and 50.6%, where nITO is the refractive index of the top layer of the conventional LED chip. The experimental results agree well with the simulated results with normalized LEE deviation within 7.3%.The range gate generator (RGG) is a key device in kilohertz (kHz) satellite laser ranging systems. The RGG at Changchun station is an integrated circuit composed of discrete components. Using this RGG at high repetition rates can result in the loss of data, and the low resolution of internal time can lead to inaccurate data points. In this paper, starting from the principle of noise suppression by range gate control, we propose a method of range gate control with high repetition rates, high accuracy, and strong universality, and we implement a RGG based on the heterogeneous system architecture of a field-programmable gate array plus a digital signal processor. The average of the intervals between the internal time of the embedded RGG and the external standard time is 48.268 ns, and the accuracy of the range gate time is less than 1.5 ns. The test results indicate that the embedded RGG can satisfy the demand for centimeter-level accuracy with satellite laser ranging. Compared with the original RGG at Changchun station, the embedded RGG has significantly improved time resolution, repetition rate of laser ranging, and system upgrade and maintenance.
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