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Well-liked Respiratory Tract Pathogens Through the COVID-19 Crisis.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide primarily for food and animal feed. In November 2019, a leaf spot disease was observed on the oat plants at Mandya (12.5218° N, 76.8951° E), Karnataka, India. The disease incidence on plants was ranged between 43 to 57 percent. Initially, the symptoms appeared on leaves as small dark-brown spots surrounded by a yellow halo later turned to irregular necrotic spots with a yellow halo. A total of thirty leaves showing typical symptoms were collected from ten plants (three leaves per plant), cut into an area of 4-5 mm pieces at the junction of infected and healthy tissues. Cut tissues were soaked in 75% ethanol for 45 seconds, followed by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min, rinsed five times in sterile distilled water, air dried, and placed on PDA and incubated at 25 ± 1 ℃. After 7 days of incubation, greyish fungal colonies appeared on PDA. Single-spore isolation method was employed to recover the pure cultures for five isolates. The coloni All plants were covered with polyethylene covers and kept under the greenhouse at 28 ± 1 ℃. The pathogenicity assay was repeated three times. After six days post-inoculation, small dark-brown spots with light-yellow halo appeared on leaves of MAAS-1inoculated plants. In comparison, no symptoms were observed on control plants. The fungal pathogen was re-isolated from the artificially infected plants and confirmed as A. alternata based on morpho-cultural characteristics and PCR assays. The leaf spot disease of Oat caused by A. alternata has already been reported from China (Chen et al. 2020); to our knowledge, it is the first report of A. alternata causing leaf spot on Oat in India. The leaf spot disease is an emerging threat to oat cultivation, and it reduces the grain yield and leaf quality; therefore, its management is essential for increasing productivity.Aim To explore the mechanism of cancer by employing a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation patterns and variations among pan-cancer cohorts. Materials & methods This research focused on the discovery of universally specific or common biomarkers by mathematical statistics and machine learning methods in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results We found 138 differently methylated CpGs (DMCs) with a common methylation trend and eight common differently methylated regions in different cancer cohorts. Additionally, we found 99 DMCs to distinguish 32 different cancer cohorts in random forest analysis because of the specificity mechanism, but each DMC still had high instability. Conclusion Our results could facilitate the development of biomarkers that are universally specific and common features across pan-cancer cohorts.Background It remains unclear whether physicians' attitudes toward timely management of elevated blood pressure affect the risk of stroke recurrence. Methods and Results From a multicenter stroke registry database, we identified 2933 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to participating centers in 2011, survived at the 1-year follow-up period, and returned to outpatient clinics ≥2 times after discharge. As a surrogate measure of physicians' attitude, individual treatment intensification (TI) scores were calculated by dividing the difference between the frequencies of observed and expected medication changes by the frequency of clinic visits and categorizing them into 5 groups. The association between TI groups and the recurrence of stroke within 1 year was analyzed using hierarchical frailty models, with adjustment for clustering within each hospital and relevant covariates. Mean±SD of the TI score was -0.13±0.28. The TI score groups were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke compared with Group 3 (TI score range, -0.25 to 0); Group 1 (range, -1 to -0.5), adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 13.43 (95% CI, 5.95-30.35); Group 2 (range, -0.5 to -0.25), adjusted HR 4.59 (95% CI, 2.01-10.46); and Group 4 (TI score 0), adjusted HR 6.60 (95% CI, 3.02-14.45); but not with Group 5 (range, 0-1), adjusted HR 1.68 (95% CI, 0.62-4.56). This elevated risk in the lowest TI score groups persisted when confining analysis to those with hypertension, history of blood pressure-lowering medication, no atrial fibrillation, and regular clinic visits and stratifying the subjects by functional capacity at discharge. Conclusions A low TI score, which implies physicians' therapeutic inertia in blood pressure management, was associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke. The TI score may be a useful performance indicator in the outpatient clinic setting to prevent recurrent stroke.Impairments in physical function and increased systemic levels of inflammation have been observed in middle-aged and older persons with HIV (PWH). We previously demonstrated that in older persons, associations between gut microbiota and inflammation differed by HIV serostatus. To determine whether relationships between the gut microbiome and physical function measurements would also be distinct between older persons with and without HIV, we reanalyzed existing gut microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) data in conjunction with previously collected measurements of physical function and body composition from the same cohorts of older (51-74 years), nonfrail PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (N = 14) and age-balanced uninfected controls (N = 22). Associations between relative abundance (RA) of the most abundant bacterial taxa or stool SCFA levels with physical function and body composition were tested using HIV-adjusted linear regression models. In older PWH, but not in controls, greater RA of Alistipes, Escherichia, Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Subdoligranulum were associated with reduced lower extremity muscle function, decreased lean mass, or lower Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores. Conversely, greater RA of Dorea, Coprococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium in older PWH were associated with better muscle function, lean mass, and SPPB scores. Higher levels of the SCFA butyrate associated with increased grip strength in both PWH and controls. Our findings indicate that in older PWH, both negative and positive associations exist between stool microbiota abundance and physical function. find more Different relationships were observed in older uninfected persons, suggesting features of a unique gut-physical function axis in PWH.
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