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Introduction involving Methyl Organizations in C2 and C6 Roles Improves the Antiangiogenesis Exercise involving Curcumin.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons having two or more fused aromatic rings, released from natural (like forest fires and volcanic eruption) as well as man-made sources (like burning of fossil fuel & wood, automobile emission). They are persistent priority pollutants and continue to last for a long time in the environment causing severe damage to human health owing to their genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The study of PAHs in environment has therefore aroused a global concern. PAHs adsorption to plant cell wall is facilitated by transpiration and plant root lipids which help PAHs transfer from roots to leaves and stalks, causing more accumulation of contaminants with the increase in lipid content. Hence, these bioaccumulators can be utilized as biomonitors for indirect assessment of ambient air pollution. Efficacy of specific plants, lichens and mosses as useful biomonitors of airborne PAHs pollution has been discussed in this review along with prevalent classical and modified extraction techniques coupled with proper analytical procedures in order to gain an insight into the assessment of atmospheric PAHs concentrations. Different modern and modified solvent extraction techniques along with conventional Soxhlet method are identified for extraction of PAHs from accumulative bioindicators and analytical methods are also developed for accurate determination of PAHs. Process parameters like choice of solvent, temperature, time of extraction, pressure and matrix characteristics are usually checked. An approach of biomonitoring of PAHs using plants, lichens and mosses has been discussed here as they usually trap the atmospheric PAHs and mineralize them.The contamination, bio-concentration and distribution of mercury (Hg) in wild mushrooms of the genus Tricholoma such as T. equestre, T. portentosum, T. columbeta, and T. terreum were studied, and the possible dietary intake and risk for human consumers in Europe was estimated. Mushrooms, together with the associated forest topsoils were collected from 10 unpolluted and geographically distant areas, far from local or regional emission sources, in Poland (2 sites) and Croatia (8 sites). The Hg contents were in the range 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.71 ± 0.34 mg kg-1 dry matter in caps and 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.13 mg kg-1 in stems. The corresponding topsoil concentrations varied over a relatively narrow range between sites, from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.028 ± 0.006 mg kg-1 dry matter. Overall, the study results showed low levels of mercury both, in edible Tricholoma mushrooms and forest topsoils from background (unpolluted) forested areas in Croatia and Poland. The morphological distribution showed considerably greater concentrations of mercury in the caps relative to the stems with ratios ranging from 1.6 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 1.8. T. equestre showed good ability to bioconcentrate Hg, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) values in the range 18 ± 7 to 37 ± 18. The data suggests that Tricholoma mushrooms from unpolluted areas in southern and northern regions of Europe can be considered as a low risk food from the point of view of the tolerable Hg intake.In this study, low-temperature catalytic NO oxidation with H2O2 over Na- and H-exchanged Y and ZSM-5 zeolites was investigated at 140 °C which is the average exhaust temperature of coal-fired power plant. Fast catalytic NO oxidation rates were observed over H-zeolites, and catalytic activity was proportional to the amount of Brønsted acid sites. HZSM-5 and HY zeolites show 65% and 95% NO removal efficiency, respectively, but the catalytic stability of HY was lower than HZM-5 due to partial dealumination during the reaction. In-situ DRIFTS analysis showed that NO+ species coordinated at framework sites played a direct role in the catalytic NO oxidation. Moreover, the possible reaction pathway was proposed to elucidate the mechanism of NO oxidation with H2O2 catalyzed over Brønsted acid sites. The effect of reaction temperature, H2O2 concentration, H2O2 flow and SO2 concentration on NO oxidation were investigated over H-zeolites. The experimental results indicated that the NO removal efficiency was increased with the increase of H2O2 concentration, but decreased with the increase of SO2 concentration. The NO removal efficiency first increased and then decreased with the increase of H2O2 flow and reaction temperature.Phytoremediation via phyto-extraction is well recognized and sustainable principle for the economical removal of heavy metals from contaminated water and soil. selleck chemicals llc The twofold objective of the present research work was to investigate the remediation potential of fenugreek for Cu under the influence of ascorbic acid (AA). The effect of copper-ascorbic acid chelation on the growth regulation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) and its potential to accumulate Cu was investigated in hydroponic medium to optimize concentration with complete randomized design (CRD). Juvenile fenugreek plants were treated with different treatments of AA (5 mM) and Cu (100, 250 and 500 μM). The different morpho-physiological parameters of fenugreek plant such as growth, biomass and chlorophylls were significantly reduced under Cu stress. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species enhanced with increasing concentration of applied Cu. Results indicated significant increase in plant growth, biomass, physiology and antioxidant enzymes and decrease in reactive oxygen species and electrolyte production in AA mediated fenugreek plants compared to controls and Cu only treated plants. However, it was also found that AA enhanced Cu concentration maximum up to 42% in leaf, 18% in stem and 45% in roots as compared to Cu treated only plants. Moreover, application of AA signified the research results revealing to act as growth regulator and chelator under Cu stress.A single metal Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst and a bimetallic Pd-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were prepared by the equal-volume impregnation method to investigate the effect of CeO2 loading on the catalytic oxidation of toluene. The specific surface area, surface morphology, and redox performance of the catalyst were characterized by N2 desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-TPR, O2-TPD, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results showed that bimetal catalysts loaded CeO2 had smaller nano-PdO particles than those of the Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Compared with the catalyst of 0.2Pd/γ-Al2O3 (percentage of mass, the same as below), the catalyst doped with 0.3CeO2 had a stronger reduction peak, which was shifted to the low-temperature zone by more than 80 °C. The results of XPS and O2-TPD showed that the introduction of CeO2 provided more surface oxygen vacancy for the catalyst and enhanced its catalytic oxidation ability, and the amount of desorbed O2 increased from 3.
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