Notes

Determining the function of organic SARS-CoV-2 contamination from the loss of life of household pets: 15 circumstances (2020-2021).
Patients affected by severe atresia auris (AA) can be a challenge during hearing restoration surgery due to the abnormal position of vascular and nervous structures in the bone. A 3D reconstruction model of malformed temporal bones can be helpful for planning surgery and optimizing intra-, peri-, and post-operative results.

A 5-year-old girl with severe AA on the right side was implanted with a Bonebridge transcutaneous bone conduction implant (tBCI). 3D printing was used to reproduce the malformed temporal bone, find a good position for the tBCI and plan out the surgical details in advance. Selleckchem AZD5069 Hearing tests were performed before and after surgery and information about intra-, peri-, and post-operative outcomes were collected.

The patient did not show any negative outcomes and, thanks to the Bonebridge, completely recovered hearing on the right side.

3D printing is a useful tool for planning surgery in AA patients and for preventing possible risks related to the unknown malformed anatomy.
3D printing is a useful tool for planning surgery in AA patients and for preventing possible risks related to the unknown malformed anatomy.
The efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block for pain control after endoscopic sinus surgery remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of SPG block on pain intensity after endoscopic sinus surgery.

We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through June 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of SPG block for pain management after endoscopic sinus surgery. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.

Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for endoscopic sinus surgery, SPG block is associated with the decrease in pain scores at 6h (Std. MD =  - 0.71; 95% CI =  - 1.08 to - 0.34; P = 0.0002) and 24h (Std. MD =  - 0.51; 95% CI =  - 0.87 to - 0.14; P = 0.006), the number of rescue analgesics (RR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.42; P < 0.00001) and incidence of nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.30-0.89; P = 0.02), but demonstrate no obvious impact on pain scores at 2h (Std. MD =  - 0.99; 95% CI =  - 2.80-0.83; P = 0.29) or headache (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.38-4.46; P = 0.67).

SPG block can provide additional benefits for pain management after endoscopic sinus surgery.
SPG block can provide additional benefits for pain management after endoscopic sinus surgery.
To determine patients with abnormal sensation in the throat (AST) who would respond to potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) or serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) treatment.

AST patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty-one and 21 patients received P-CAB and SNRI treatment, respectively. GETS-J, the Japanese version of Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scales (GETS), consisted of three subscales of throat symptoms (globus sensation, pain/swelling of the throat, and dysphagia) and somatic distress due to the disease, Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (FSSG), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used before and after treatments. Responders to treatments were defined as those who showed 50% or more decrease in symptom scores or somatic distress.

Pre-treatment GETS-J pain/swelling scores and FSSG acid reflux scores were higher in P-CAB responders and decreased after treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve for pain/swelling subscale had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.792 to predict P-CAB responders and a score of 11 provided the best combination of sensitivity (62.5%) and specificity (80%). Somatic distress and HADS anxiety scores, but no other GETS-J symptom scores, decreased after SNRI treatment. Pre-treatment globus scores were lower in SNRI responders. AUC value for globus subscale to predict SNRI responders was 0.741 and a score of 6.5 provided the best combination of sensitivity (70%) and specificity (73%).

Pain/swelling is a characteristic symptom in AST patients who respond to P-CAB treatment. SNRI treatment would be effective for somatic distress in cases with mild symptoms.
Pain/swelling is a characteristic symptom in AST patients who respond to P-CAB treatment. SNRI treatment would be effective for somatic distress in cases with mild symptoms.
Congenital nasal obstruction can be a significant cause of respiratory distress in the newborn, given that they are considered to be obligate nasal breathers. Several different causes have been described, which can be broadly classified as anatomical/malformative, non-tumoral masses and cysts, benign and malignant neoplasia, inflammatory/infectious, traumatic/iatrogenic, and miscellaneous. The purpose of this review is to provide updated and useful clinical information for teams involved in neonatal care, especially in a hospital setting.

A review of the available literature was performed. Studies were sourced from PubMed with searching of relevant headings and sub-headings and cross-referencing.

The most common etiology is inflammatory, which can have different precipitating factors or be idiopathic, a condition known as neonatal rhinitis. On the other hand, some less frequent but nonetheless relevant conditions causing severe nasal obstruction include choanal atresia, midnasal stenosis, and pyriform aperture stenosis. Some cystic lesions, such as dacryocystoceles with intranasal mucocele, can also produce significant obstruction. Diagnosis usually requires a nasal endoscopy and in some cases imaging such as computed tomography. Management includes different medical and surgical strategies and will greatly depend on the etiology and the severity of symptoms.

Congenital nasal obstruction can be a significant cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. The wide spectrum of differential diagnoses requires a thorough knowledge of nasal anatomy, physiology, and pathology; as well as different management strategies.
Congenital nasal obstruction can be a significant cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. The wide spectrum of differential diagnoses requires a thorough knowledge of nasal anatomy, physiology, and pathology; as well as different management strategies.
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