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Clinical Effects regarding Landing Distance in Landing Mistake Credit rating Method Results.
Predicting the extent of necrosis in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is critical to ensure that the whole tumor is treated but vital structures, such as major blood vessels in the vicinity of the tumor, are spared. The models developed for clinical planning rely on empirical parameters that change with the nature of the photosensitizer and the target tissue. This work presents an in vivo study of the necrosis in the livers of rats due to PDT with a bacteriochlorin photosensitizer named redaporfin using both frontal and interstitial illumination. Various doses of light at 750 nm were delivered 15 minutes post-intravenous administration of redaporfin. Sharp boundaries between necrotic and healthy tissues were found. Frontal illumination allowed for the determination of the photodynamic threshold dose - 1.5x1019 photons/cm3 - which means that the regions of the tissues exposed to more than 11 mM of ROS evolved to necrosis. Interstitial illumination produced a necrotic radius of 0.7 cm for a light dose of 100 J/cm and a redaporfin dose of 0.75 mg/kg. The experimental data obtained can be used to inform and improve clinical planning with frontal and interstitial illumination protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can lead to sensory and/or motor impairment. As a treatment photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects in terms of the maintenance of muscle activation and trophism. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into five groups control, injury, injury+PBM, injury+PBMn (irradiation over injured nerve), injury+PBMm (irradiation over affected muscle) and injury+PBMnm (irradiation over nerve and muscle). The left sciatic nerve was submitted to a crushing injury. Treatment was administered with low-level laser (780 nm, 0.04 cm2 , 1 W/cm2 , 3.2 J) over the injured nerve and/or the tibialis anterior muscle. RESULTS The effects of PBM were favorable on muscle morphology and gene expression of calcineurin, myogenin and acetylcholine receptors. CONCLUSION PBM led to an acceleration on muscle repair process and effects were more evident in two weeks after PNI. Thus, PBM is indicated for the area over both the injured nerve and the affected muscle. IK-930 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.So-called insight problems are widely studied because they tap into the creative thinking that is crucial for solving real problems. However, insight problems are typically presented in static formats (on paper, computer) that allow no physical interaction with the problem elements, whereas such an interaction might in fact reduce the load on limited cognitive resources, such as working memory (WM) capacity, thereby facilitating solutions. To test this proposition, 124 young adults were allowed to interact physically with nine established insight problems, while another 124 people attempted to solve these problems using paper and pencil. Additionally, hints were provided for three problems that typically no-one solves. No general facilitating effect of physical interaction was found, with only one problem clearly benefitting from it. Furthermore, making use of hints was actually hindered by physical interaction. No difference in perceived task load and correlation with WM capacity was observed between the formats, and subjective ratings of insight were virtually unaffected by presentation format. Overall, physical interaction minimally affected insight problem-solving, which appears to rely strongly on internalized cognitive processing involving WM. © 2020 The British Psychological Society.Degenerative processes of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and cartilaginous endplate lead to chronic spine pathologies. Several studies speculated on the intrinsic regenerative capacity of degenerated IVD related to the presence of local mesenchymal progenitors. However, a complete characterisation of the resident IVD cell populations, particularly that isolated from the endplate, is lacking. The purpose of the present study was to characterise the gene expression profiles of human nucleus pulposus (NPCs), annulus fibrosus (AFCs) and endplate (EPCs) cells, setting the basis for future studies aimed at identifying the most promising cells for regenerative purposes. Cells isolated from NP, AF and EP were analysed after in vitro expansion for their stemness ability, immunophenotype and gene profiles by large-scale microarray analysis. The three cell populations shared a similar clonogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic potential, as well as an immunophenotype with a pattern resembling that of mesenchymal stem cells. NPCs maintained the greatest chondrogenic potential and shared with EPCs the loss of proliferation capability during expansion. The largest number of selectively highly expressed stemness, chondrogenic/tissue-specific and surface genes was found in AFCs, thus representing the most promising source of tissue-specific expanded cells for the treatment of IVD degeneration.The Swedish Post-term Induction Study (SWEPIS) aimed to evaluate if a routine of induction of labour at 41 weeks was superior in perinatal outcomes to induction at 42 weeks for low-risk pregnancies. The trial was stopped early for ethical reasons. The researchers acknowledge that the results of the study should be interpreted cautiously but at the same time recommend that women should be offered induction at 41 weeks, at the latest. We question the conclusion drawn by the authors and find it problematic that SWEPIS has already led to changes in clinical care, before its results have been scrutinized together with the rest of the available research.PURPOSE To determine if pre-conception intuitive eating, an adaptive eating behavior, was related to gestational weight gain (GWG) and the likelihood of exceeding GWG recommendations. METHODS This prospective survey study took place in an outpatient obstetric clinic. Participants completed the pre-conception Intuitive Eating Scale for Pregnancy during a prenatal check-up appointment and total GWG was collected from the medical record. The pre-conception Intuitive Eating Scale for Pregnancy assesses unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, and reliance on hunger and satiety to inform what, when, and how much to eat. Hierarchical linear multiple regression and logistic multiple regression analyses determined associations between pre-conception intuitive eating and GWG on the total sample and stratified by weight status (normal/underweight, overweight, and obese). RESULTS The majority of the sample (n = 253) was white, married, employed, had annual household income > $50,000, and had a college degree.
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