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Conformational encoding of human EF-hand designs of calcium supplements sensor health proteins centrin-1.
transmission after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into this facility. Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.Punica granatum plants showing symptoms caused by root-knot nematodes were detected in the municipality of Majes, Arequipa, Peru. Based on the morphological, esterase phenotypes, and molecular analyses of the mitochondrial DNA region between the cytochome oxidase subunit II and 16 S rRNA genes (mtDNA) and species-specific sequence characterized amplified region, the causal agent of the observed symptoms was identified as Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling a modified version of Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting P. granatum in Peru.Maintenance of the epithelium relies on stem cells residing within specialized microenvironments, known as epithelial crypts. Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a valuable tool for fabricating 3D micro/nanostructures for stem cell niche engineering applications. Herein, biomimetic gelatin methacrylate-based constructs, replicating the precise geometry of the limbal epithelial crypt structures (limbal stem cell "microniches") as an exemplar epithelial niche, are fabricated using 2PP. Human limbal epithelial stem cells (hLESCs) are seeded within the microniches in xeno-free conditions to investigate their ability to repopulate the crypts and the expression of various differentiation markers. Cell proliferation and a zonation in cell phenotype along the z-axis are observed without the use of exogenous signaling molecules. Significant differences in cell phenotype between cells located at the base of the microniche and those situated towards the rim are observed, demonstrating that stem cell fate is strongly influenced by its location within a niche and the geometrical details of where it resides. This study provides insight into the influence of the niche's spatial geometry on hLESCs and demonstrates a flexible approach for the fabrication of biomimetic crypt-like structures in epithelial tissues. This has significant implications for regenerative medicine applications and can ultimately lead to implantable synthetic "niche-based" treatments. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a useful technique in the evaluation of central lung tumors which is commonly encountered in clinical cytology practice. Some of these tumors may show endobronchial, polypoid growth which is readily apparent to the endoscopist. Pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors and carcinoid tumors are overall uncommon in the lung, but these tumors tend to occur centrally and show endobronchial involvement. The prognosis of these tumors is generally better than that of small cell or non-small cell carcinomas of the lung and more conservative surgical resection is often indicated. The identification of salient cytological features and a high index of suspicion when considering the differential diagnosis of a central lung tumor is essential to accurate diagnosis. This review focuses on cytological clues as well as ancillary techniques that may be useful to the practicing cytopathologist. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.To fully understand how plastic is affecting the ocean, we need to understand how marine life interacts directly with it. Besides their ecological relevance, microbes can affect the distribution, degradation and transfer of plastics to the rest of the marine food web. From amplicon sequencing and scanning electron microscopy, we know that a diverse array of microorganisms rapidly associate with plastic marine debris in the form of biofouling and biofilms, also known as the "Plastisphere." However, observation of multiple microbial interactions in situ, at small spatial scales in the Plastisphere, has been a challenge. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Schlundt et al. apply the combination labelling and spectral imaging - fluorescence in situ hybridization to study microbial communities on plastic marine debris. The images demonstrate the colocalization of abundant bacterial groups on plastic marine debris at a relatively high taxonomic and spatial resolution while also visualizing biofouling of eukaryotes, such as diatoms and bryozoans. This modern imaging technology provides new possibilities to address questions regarding the ecology of marine microbes on plastic marine debris and describe more specific impacts of plastic pollution in the marine food webs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Helicid suppresses inflammatory factors and protects nerve cells in the hippocampus of rats with depression, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects are unclear at present. In this investigation, we conducted gene silencing, helicid intervention and rescue experiments to explore the protective actions of PNOC , the prepronociception gene known to regulate inflammatory processes, and helicid on a C6 cell model of inflammation induced by LPS. Collective data from western blots, ELISA, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry experiments showed that PNOC silencing or administration of helicid led to reduced inflammatory factor levels, oxidative stress and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), along with increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression. Furthermore, expression of p-Akt in the Akt signaling pathway was increased. selleck compound Interestingly, overexpression of PNOC in the helicid treatment group partially reversed the helicid-induced changes in the above biochemical indexes. Our collective results provide strong evidence of helicid-mediated regulation of the Akt signaling pathway through PNOC to improve cell inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it is known that the presence of T2DM leads to the aggravation of NAFLD. The aim of this study is to compare the possible effects of three kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents on NAFLD in subjects with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective clinical trial (a randomized and open-label study) in subjects with T2DM and NAFLD. A total of 98 subjects were randomly allocated either to dapagliflozin (n=32), pioglitazone (n=33) or glimepiride (n=33) group, and the subjects took these drugs for 28 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change of liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio on abdominal computed tomography (CT). RESULTS There was no difference in baseline clinical characteristics among the three groups. Dapagliflozin, pioglitazone and glimepiride ameliorated hyperglycemia similarly. Body weight and visceral fat area (VFA) were significantly decreased only in dapagliflozin group. Serum adiponectin level was markedly increased in pioglitazone group compared to other two groups.
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