Notes

Tumor-Infiltrating Immune-Related Lengthy Non-Coding RNAs Indicate Prognoses as well as Reply to PD-1 Blockage within Head and Neck Squamous Mobile Carcinoma.
Acetabular cup optimum position is paramount for total hip arthroplasty (THA) good outcomes. Although controversial, Lewinnek proposed safe zone for cup placement still the most widely accepted target. Cup placement can be improved using specific anatomical landmarks, computer navigation system and handheld navigation devices. As using a smartphone on daily bases became popular among orthopedic surgeons, in this technical note, we describe how to use smartphone specific applications intraoperatively during total hip arthroplasty to adjust cup inclination angle, which we believe to be easy, cheap and beneficial for young less experienced surgeons.Posterior shoulder dislocation, whilst uncommon, is frequently missed and often associated with a significant defect on the antero-medial aspect of the humeral head (the reverse Hill-Sachs lesion). Several techniques for stabilisation have been described, depending on the size of the lesion. We describe an additional technique for stabilising the shoulder following posterior dislocation by augmenting the reverse Hill-Sachs lesion with layers of extracellular matrix, thus further filling the defect.
Myoelectric control is a method of decoding the motor intent from the electromyogram (EMG) data and using the estimated intent to control prostheses and robots. This work investigates estimation of the wrist kinematics from EMG signals using polynomial models. Due to their low complexity, polynomial models are potentially the perfect choice for EMG-kinematics modeling.

Ten ablebodied individuals participated in this study, where the EMG signals from the forearm and the wrist kinematics from the contralateral wrist were measured during mirrored contractions. Two sets of EMG features were employed including the time domain (TD) set, and TD features along with autoregressive coefficients (TDAR). Polynomial models of order 1 to 4 were applied to map the EMG signals to the wrist motions. The performance was directly compared to that of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network.

The estimation accuracy of the wrist kinematics improved with increasing the order of the model, but saturated at the 4
order. earities, and thereby may increase the polynomial models' performance to levels similar to those of complex black box models.
Injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Lower extremity injuries put a heavy burden on communities. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of lower extremity injuries in Mashhad, Iran.

The data from 57430 patients with lower extremity injuries from all traumatology hospitals in Mashhad were analyzed in this retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of lower extremity injuries in Mashhad, Iran, between March 2011 and March 2015.

The prevalence of lower extremity injury in the general population of Mashhad was 0.34%. The mean age of the casualties was 33.7±19.8 years, and 77.9% were male. Knee and lower leg injuries had the highest frequency (61%). The mean hospitalization period was 7.7±12.6 days. The highest mortality rate (MR) (2%) and discharge against medical advice (DAMA) (11%) were observed in hip and thigh injuries. DAMA (8.8% vs. 6.7%,
) and MR (1.7% vs. Autophagy inhibitor 1.5%, P=0.005) was higher in females. However, males had a longer hospitalization period (8±13) compared to females (6.8±10.1 days) (
). The prevalence rate was declining during the study period.

The downward trend of lower extremity injuries is promising; however, the higher mortality rate in females needs more attention. These findings can be used for better management of traumatic patients.
The downward trend of lower extremity injuries is promising; however, the higher mortality rate in females needs more attention. These findings can be used for better management of traumatic patients.
Several devices have been described for fixation of displaced medial malleolar fractures. Fully threaded cancellous screws engaging the bone may provide advantages compared to partially threaded screws. This study was designed to compare the clinical results of fully and partially threaded 4 millimeter cancellous screws in fixation of medial malleolar fractures.

In a randomized clinical trial study 44 patients with displaced closed medial malleolar fractures were randomly divided into two groups. Two fully threaded four millimeter cancellous screws were used for fracture stabilization (FT group) in the first group, while, the second group was operated by use of two partially threaded four millimeter cancellous screws (PT group). The clinical outcomes and complications were compared in two groups at one year follow up.

Nineteen patients in FT group and 21 in PT group were present at final follow up. Nonunion was not developed in either group but two cases (9%) of delayed union occurred in PT group. The rate of postoperative infection and symptomatic hardware were not statistically different. Functional assessment using AOFAS, MOXFQ and VAS scores showed no significant difference between the two groups.

Both fully and partially threaded 4 mm cancellous screws can be considered as acceptable devices for the fixation of medial malleolar fractures with good and comparable clinical results.
Both fully and partially threaded 4 mm cancellous screws can be considered as acceptable devices for the fixation of medial malleolar fractures with good and comparable clinical results.
Different surgical procedures have been proposed for the treatment of Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) arthrosis and other conditions. This study aimed to introduce a new design of DRUJ prosthesis based on the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure followed by the evaluation of its short-term results. Darrach and Sauvé-Kapandji techniques are two well-known salvage procedures. Various implant designs have been proposed for DRUJ substitution to avoid the disadvantages of these procedures.

Before and after the insertion of the intraosseous DRUJ prosthesis in five patients, indices, such as the range of motion, as well as grip and pinch strengths were measured and recorded. Moreover, the patients were asked to complete three questionnaires (i.e., Quick-Disabilities of theArm,Shoulderand Hand; Visual Analogue Scale-Pain; and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation).

The patients were followed up for 27.6 months. It is worth mentioning that all patients completed the follow-up period with no complication, except for one case who came with dislocation secondary to forearm malunion and proximal forearm impingement.
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