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Animations Temporary-Magnetized Soft Robot Constructions for Enhanced Electricity Farming.
Objective  To hierarchize the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)-subarcuate artery (SAA) complex's variations in the surgical field. Background  The AICA's "subarcuate loop" (SL) presents multiple variations, closely related to the SAA. AICA-SAA complex's variations may represent major issues in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgery. As the spectrum of configurations is originated during the development, a systematized classification was proposed based on the interaction between the petrosal bone and the AICA in the embryonic period. Methods  The variations were defined as follow Grade 0 free, purely cisternal AICA, unidentifiable or absent SAA; Grade 1 purely cisternal AICA, loose SL, SAA > 3 mm; Grade 2 AICA near the subarcuate fossa, pronounced SL, SAA less then 3 mm; Grade 3 "duralized" AICA, unidentifiable SAA, or included in the petromastoid canal (PMC); and Grade 4 intraosseous AICA, unidentifiable SAA, or included in the PMC. The classification was applied to a series of patients assessed by magnetic resonance constructive interference in steady state sequence. Surgical examples were also provided. Results  Eighty-four patients were evaluated, including 161 CPA. The proportions found in the gradation remained within the range of previous publications (Grade 0 42.2%; Grade 1 11.2%; Grade 2 35.4%; Grade 3 10.6%; and Grade 4 0.6%). Moreover, the degrees of the classification were related to the complexity of the anatomical relationships and, therefore, to the difficulty of the maneuvers required to overcome them. Conclusion  The proposed AICA-SAA complex classification allowed to distinguish and objectify pre- and intraoperatively the spectrum of variations, to thoroughly plan the required actions and instrumentation.Introduction  In pediatric patients, endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETNS) poses challenges because of the small size of the developing skull and narrow endonasal corridors. Objective  This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETNS in children by assessing our experience of endoscopic skull base surgery. Materials and Methods  All pediatric patients ( n  = 54) who were eligible for surgery using only the endonasal endoscopic approach at our tertiary center between 2012 and 2018 were included in this study. The surgeries were performed simultaneously by an endoscopic skull base team of neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists. Hormonal analyses were conducted before and after surgery in all patients with sellar/parasellar lesions. Patients older than 8 years underwent smell and visual testing. Results  In the 54 patients aged 1 to 17 years who underwent surgery, craniopharyngioma was the most common pathology (29.6%), followed by pituitary adenoma (22.2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 33 (76.7%) of 41 patients who underwent surgery because of the presence of tumors. All visual deficits improved, although one patient sustained olfactory deterioration. Sixteen (29.6%) patients presented with complications such as transient diabetes insipidus and temporary visual loss. Conclusions  Despite anatomy-related challenges in children, adequate results can be achieved with high rates of success, and the functional and anatomical integrity of the developing skull and nose of children can be preserved. In pediatric patients, ETNS is a safe and effective option for addressing various lesions along the skull base.Objectives  To describe the technical aspects and early clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided tumor cryoablation along the intracranial trigeminal nerve. Design  This study is a retrospective case review. Setting  Large academic tertiary care hospital. Participants  Patients who underwent MRI-guided cryoablation of perineural tumor along the intracranial trigeminal nerve. Main Outcome Measures  Technical success, pain relief, local control. Results  Percutaneous MRI-guided cryoablation of tumor spread along the intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve was performed in two patients without complication, with subsequent pain relief, and with local control in the patient with follow-up imaging. Conclusions  Percutaneous MRI-guided cryoablation is a feasible treatment option for malignancies tracking intracranially along the trigeminal nerve.Objectives  The main purpose of this article is to examine a single-center cohort of patients with nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) for pathologic features, skull base invasion, overall survival, and disease-free survival, with a focus on response to proton beam radiation therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants  Single-center institutional cancer registry was used to retrospectively identify and analyze outcomes for 12 patients treated for ACC of the nasopharynx from 2000 to 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures  Primary outcomes included 5-year overall survival and locoregional control. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 (STATACorp, College Station, Texas, United States). Spearman's rank order correlation was used for ordinal, monotonic variables with p -values less then 0.05 considered statistically significant. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method; comparison between groups was performed using log-rank test. Results  Twelve patients with ACC of the nasopharynx were included. All patients presented with advanced disease and were treated with primary radiation therapy, typically proton beam therapy. Only two underwent a surgical attempt at resection. A majority of cases had a cribriform growth pattern. The 5-year survival was 75% and rate of locoregional control rate at 5 years was 50%, comparable to other ACC cohort studies that included earlier stage tumors in various subsites that were surgically resected. GLPG1690 Conclusions  Although ACC is traditionally noted to be radioresistant, ACC of the nasopharynx was responsive to radiotherapy in our cohort, despite advanced stage and skull base invasion. Reasons for this improved survival are unclear and suggest the need for further pathologic and genetic characterization of nasopharyngeal ACC.
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