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Non-destructive Diagnosis of Pest Overseas Bodies throughout Finish Teas Merchandise Based on Terahertz Variety as well as Picture.
At T12 and L4 and at frequencies below 4 Hz, Txz was as high as or higher than Txx. At low frequencies, Txx decreased with moving down the spine while an opposite trend was found at high frequencies. Txz decreased with moving up the spine from L4 to T8. Txz at T1, however, was higher than that at T8, possibly influenced by the high motion of the head. The results are useful for developing models that help better understanding of human response to horizontal vibration.Vibration transmission through vehicle seats is usually predicted using the biodynamics of the seated human body measured with a rigid seat, however how coupling between the body and the seat would affect the biodynamics of the body is not considered. This study investigated how dynamic forces distributed over a soft seat compared to that over a rigid seat wtih vertical vibration excitation. Metabolism inhibitor Fourteen male subjects sitting on a rigid seat and on foam cushions of two different thickness with four different heights of footrest were exposed to vertical whole-body vibration between 0.5 and 20 Hz at 0.5 ms-2 r.m.s. Dynamic forces were measured beneath the ischial tuberosities, the middle thighs, and the front thighs and the transmissibility of the cushion was measured to the three locations. The resonance in the transmissibility of the cushion was found around 4 Hz to the ischial tuberosities but around 6-8 Hz to the front thighs. Differences between the apparent mass measured with the cushioned seat and the rigid seat decreased with increasing height of footrest. A multi-body dynamic model that can predict the dynamic forces beneath the ischial tuberosities and thighs was applied to identify the cause for the differences. It was suggested the differences can be caused by the variations in vibration over the surface of soft seats, especially when the contact area beneath the thighs was large, and by changes in the effective stiffness and damping of the human body when the contact area beneath the thighs was reduced.Virtual finite element human body models have been widely used in biomedical engineering, traffic safety injury analysis, etc. Soft tissue modeling like skeletal muscle accounts for a large portion of a human body model establishment, and its modeling method is not enough explored. The present study aims to investigate the compressive properties of skeletal muscles due to different species, loading rates and fiber orientations, in order to obtain available parameters of specific material laws as references for building or improving the human body model concerning both modeling accuracy and computational cost. A series of compressive experiments of skeletal muscles were implemented for human gastrocnemius muscle, bovine and porcine hind leg muscle. To avoid long-time preservation effects, all experimental tests were carried out in 24 h after that the samples were harvested. Considering computational cost and generally used in the previous human body models, one-order hyperelastic Ogden model and three-term simplified viscoelastic quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) were selected for numerical analysis. Inverse finite element analysis was employed to obtain corresponding material parameters. With good fitting records, the simulation results presented available material parameters for human body model establishment, and also indicated significant differences of muscle compressive properties due to species, loading rates and fiber orientations. When considering one-order Ogden law, it is worthy of noting that the inversed material parameters of the porcine muscles are similar to those of the human gastrocnemius regardless of fiber orientations. In conclusion, the obtained material parameters in the present study can be references for global human body and body segment modeling.It is important to quantify the postural stability. The frame subtraction method can calculate the motions of a subject, and might be easier to implement, with lower costs. However, validity of the evaluation of postural stability using this method have not been validated yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify criterion-related validity of the frame subtraction scores and the center of pressure (COP) parameters during maintenance of single leg standing. Twenty two healthy young subjects participated in this study. Motion tasks comprised right leg standing with eyes open and closed. The total length of COP displacements (LNG), Root mean square (RMS) area, anterior - posterior (AP) range, medial - lateral (ML) range were recorded using the force plate. Simultaneously, the motion images were acquired with digital video cameras from the front and right sides. After the motion images were analyzed using the frame subtraction method, the frame subtraction scores (maximum / sum of the frame subtraction score on each plane / the frontal and sagittal planes) were measured. To confirm the validity, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the frame subtraction scores and the COP parameters was calculated. The sum of the frame subtraction score on the frontal plane was significantly correlated with all COP displacements in the single leg standing. The result of this study indicated that the frame subtraction method could be applied to the evaluation of balance task with postural sway such as maintenance of single leg standing. The frame subtraction method is low cost and easy owing to its marker-less systems.Knee joint rotation center displacement can be estimated in vivo through the analysis of helical axis (HAs) dispersion. HAs can be analyzed during walking, providing information on joint stability. The study aim was to describe knee HAs dispersion during walking in dominant and non-dominant legs of young and elderly healthy subjects. Twenty young (YG age 23.3 ± 2.4 years) and twenty elderly (EG age 69.3 ± 4.6 years) healthy subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill at a self-selected speed with reflective markers placed bilaterally on thighs and shanks to detect HAs dispersion and knee kinematics with an optoelectronic system. HAs dispersion was described during the following four phases of gait cycle (1) flexion from 95% of the previous gait cycle to 10% of the subsequent gait cycle, (2) extension from 10% to 40%, (3) flexion from 40% to 75% and (4) extension from 75% to 95% of the gait cycle. Mean Distance (MD) and Mean Angle (MA) were used as HAs dispersion indexes during each gait phase. Participants showed greater MD and MA in sagittal and frontal planes during the first and second phases.
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