Notes

'(m6)A' means 'autoimmunity': studying, composing, and also erasing RNA improvements throughout infection.
(1) To elucidate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) toward improving activities of daily living (ADL) and functional motor ability post stroke and (2) to investigate the influence of paresis severity and the timing of treatment initiation for the effectiveness of NMES.

PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Cochrane Library searched for relevant articles from database inception to May 2020.

The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials exploring the effect of NMES toward improving ADL or functional motor ability in survivors of stroke. The search identified 6064 potential articles with 20 being included.

Two independent reviewers conducted the data extraction. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Data from 428 and 659 participants (mean age, 62.4 years; 54% male) for outcomes of ADL and functional motor ability, respectively, were pooled in a random-effect meta-analysis. Thresent meta-analysis are indicative of potential beneficial effects of NMES toward improving ADL post stroke, whereas the potential for improving functional motor ability appears less clear. Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that NMES application in the subacute stage and targeted at the upper extremity is efficacious for ADL rehabilitation and that functional motor abilities can be positively affected in patients with severe paresis.
To utilize magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging to examine potential changes in sensorimotor cortical oscillations after therapeutic power training in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Cohort.

Academic medical center.

Individuals with CP (N=11; age=15.9±1.1 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System I- III) and neurotypical controls (NTs; N=16; age=14.6±0.8 years).

Participants with CP underwent 24 (8 weeks; 3 days a week) sessions of high-velocity lower extremity power training on a leg press. The NTs underwent single baseline MEG assessments.

Pre-post bilateral leg press 1-repetition maximum and peak power production were used to assess the muscular performance changes. The 10-m walk and 1-minute walk tests were used to assess mobility changes. During MEG recordings, participants used their right leg to complete a goal-directed isometric target-matching task. Advanced beamforming methods were subsequently used to image the strength of the sensorimotor beta oscillatory power.

production of individuals with CP. Therapeutic power training might provide the key ingredients for beneficial neuroplastic change.
To determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of algorithms to identify patients with major (at the ankle or more proximal) lower extremity amputation (LEA) using Department of Veterans Affairs electronic medical records (EMR) and to evaluate whether PPV varies by sex, age, and race.

We conducted a validation study comparing EMR determined LEA status to self-reported LEA (criterion standard).

Veterans who receive care at the Department of Veterans Affairs.

We invited a national sample of patients (N=699) with at least 1 procedure or diagnosis code for major LEA to participate. We oversampled women, Black men, and men ≤40 years of age.

Not applicable.

We calculated PPV estimates and false negative percentages for 7 algorithms using EMR LEA procedure and diagnosis codes relative to self-reported major LEA.

A total of 466 veterans self-reported their LEA status (68%). PPVs for the 7 algorithms ranged from 89% to 100%. The algorithm that required a single diagnosis or procedure code had the lowest PPV (89%). The algorithm that required at least 1 procedure code had the highest PPV (100%) but also had the highest proportion of false negatives (66%). Algorithms that required at least 1 procedure code or 2 or more diagnosis codes 1 month to 1 year apart had high PPVs (98%-99%) but varied in terms of false negative percentages. PPV estimates were higher among men than women but did not differ meaningfully by age or race, after accounting for sex.

PPVs were higher if 1 procedure or at least 2 diagnosis codes were required; the difference between algorithms was marked by sex. Investigators should consider trade-offs between PPV and false negatives to identify patients with LEA using EMRs.
PPVs were higher if 1 procedure or at least 2 diagnosis codes were required; the difference between algorithms was marked by sex. Investigators should consider trade-offs between PPV and false negatives to identify patients with LEA using EMRs.
To assess the personal perspectives of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) on the acceptability of a novel physical therapy program that is designed to transfer gains from the clinic to their real-world lower extremity (LE) use, termed LE constraint-induced therapy (CIT). The program includes several behavior change techniques (prescribed home exercises, daily structured therapist interviews and problem solving for LE activities, keeping an activity diary) and a concentrated physical treatment schedule.

Anonymous internet survey.

Participants accessed the survey from computers in the community.

Five hundred adults (N=500) were recruited from an MS support organization's registry for having indicated from mild to total limb spasticity because they were anticipated to have markedly impaired LE use in the community.

Not applicable.

Participants were offered the options on a nonnumerical Likert scale of "Very likely," "Likely," "Neutral," "Unlikely," or "Very unlikely" to indicate their personal acceport further clinical trials of LE CIT for persons with MS.
To explore the relationship between a single the intracompartmental pressure (ICP) value in the anterior compartment of the leg 1 minute after provocative exercise and the outcome of a conservative treatment program in a cohort of military service members with chronic exercise-related leg pain.

Retrospective cohort study.

Department of military sports medicine at a secondary care facility.

In the years 2015 through 2019, the conservative treatment program was completed by 231 service members with chronic exercise-related leg pain, of whom 108 patients with 200 affected legs met all inclusion criteria (N=108).

All patients completed a comprehensive conservative treatment program, consisting of 4-6 individual gait retraining sessions during a period of 6-12 weeks. In addition, patients received uniform homework assignments, emphasizing acquisition of the new running technique.

The primary treatment outcome was return to active duty. The duration of treatment, occurrence of acute on chronic compartmeompartments of the lower leg of military service members with chronic exercise-related leg pain was not associated with the outcome of a secondary care conservative treatment program and can be safely postponed.
To examine the link between body mass index (BMI) and positive and negative affect after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Cross-sectional study.

Inpatient and outpatient services of a rehabilitation department in Delhi, India.

Individuals (N=142) with spinal cord injury participated in the study.

None.

Participants were asked to rate their affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. BMI was assessed with an SCI-specific procedure. Demographic and injury-related details (eg, level, nature, chronicity) were taken.

As expected, BMI negatively correlated with positive affect (
1.70;
=.043). Furthermore, the chances of younger individuals with SCI having a lower BMI is 3.49 times the odds of the older individuals having a low BMI (odds ratio [OR], 3.491; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.520-8.018). The chances of men having low affect was higher than women (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.08-6.04).

Higher BMI might be associated with lower positive affect and contribute to a higher risk of depression, specifically in women with SCI. These results might be used to enhance the regulation of physical activity (exercises) and affect experiences through therapeutic activities and proactive counselling for individuals with SCI.
Higher BMI might be associated with lower positive affect and contribute to a higher risk of depression, specifically in women with SCI. These results might be used to enhance the regulation of physical activity (exercises) and affect experiences through therapeutic activities and proactive counselling for individuals with SCI.
To map the body of existing literature regarding reference values of maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) of upper and lower limbs obtained with handheld dynamometers (HHD) in healthy adults to identify potential gaps in the literature and specify future research needs.

A scoping review in which PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL plus, PEDRO, and Cochrane databases were searched before May 1, 2020.

All studies using standardized HHD protocols for the purpose of establishing reference values in healthy adult population were included. Two independent reviewers completed an initial screening of article titles and abstracts, and the remaining articles were read in their entirety and screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were discussed, with recourse to a third reviewer when needed.

Data of the selected studies were extracted and charted by 2 independent reviewers using a tested data extraction grid to ensure method standardization. Data were subsequently merged to produce the cability of high quality HHD. This observation emphasizes the critical need to develop reference values in manual dynamometry in adults to optimize the use of manual dynamometry for diagnostic and prognostic decisions.
To assess the utility of a 10-second tandem stance test in predicting gait impairment and the need for a mobility aid.

Cross-sectional study.

Public hospital ambulatory and hospitalized care.

Participants were drawn from referrals to the physiotherapy service and patients identified by health care staff as needing mobility assessment. Eighty-seven people were referred to the study. selleck products Sixty-one individuals (N=61) consented to participate; mean age was 76±9.8 years and 61% were female. All participants were community dwelling.

The 10-second tandem stance test and gait parameters were measured while walking with no walking aid, a walking stick, and a 4-wheeled walker were assessed.

Associations between the 10-second tandem stance test performance with prescribed walking aids (primary outcome variable), gait parameters (gait cycle time, cadence, stance phase, swing phase, double support, stride length, speed, peak angle velocity, maximal heel clearance), falls history, falls risk (Falls Risk for Older Pds, gait parameters with prescribed walking aids, falls, and walking aid use history, indicating the test may be useful to guide the prescription of walking aids.
The 10-second tandem stance test was associated with professionally prescribed walking aids, gait parameters with prescribed walking aids, falls, and walking aid use history, indicating the test may be useful to guide the prescription of walking aids.
Radiotherapy utilisation rates considerably vary across different countries and service providers, highlighting the need to establish reliable benchmarks against which utilisation rates can be assessed. Here, optimal utilisation rates of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) for lung cancer are estimated and compared against actual utilisation rates to identify potential shortfalls in service provision.

An evidence-based optimal utilisation model was constructed after reviewing practice guidelines and identifying indications for lung SABR based on the best available evidence. The proportions of patients likely to develop each indication were obtained, whenever possible, from Australian population-based studies. Sensitivity analysis was performed to account for variations in epidemiological data. Practice pattern studies were reviewed to obtain actual utilisation rates.

A total of 6% of all lung cancer patients were estimated to optimally require SABR at least once during the course of their illness (95% CI 4-6%).
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