Notes

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Telomere length is maintained by the activation of telomerase, which causes continuous cell division and proliferation in many carcinomas. A catalytic reverse transcriptase protein (TERT) encoded by the TERT gene plays a critical role in the activation of telomerase. We performed a molecular and pathological analysis of the TERT against three different peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated TERT expression in 31% of AITL, 11% of PTCL-NOS, and 5% of ATLL. Among them, AITL frequently showed high TERT expression with statistical significance. TERT promoter mutation analysis and genomic copy number evaluation were performed. TERT promoter mutation was observed in two cases of PTCL-NOS (2/40) and not in other PTCLs. Genome copy number amplification was detected in 33% of PTCL-NOS, 33% of AITL, and 50% of ATLL cases. We evaluated the relationship between the analyzed TERT genomic abnormalities and protein expression; however, no apparent relationship was observed. Furthermore, immunostaining showed TERT expression in the PTCL cytoplasm, suggesting the existence of mechanisms other than the maintenance of telomere length. Statistical analysis of the effect of TERT expression on the prognosis in PTCL cases revealed that TERT expression tended to have a poor prognosis in PTCL-NOS. Since TERT expression was not an independent factor in multivariate analysis, further research will be needed to clarify the poor prognosis of PTCL-NOS in TERT expression.
Racial and ethnic minority status, structural racism, low educational attainment, and poverty are consistently associated with cancer disparities and with higher rates of incarceration. The objective of this scoping review is to conduct a qualitative synthesis of the literature on cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disparities in these outcomes for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients, as this literature is fragmented and heterogenous.

This scoping review included Bureau of Justice Statistics reports and searched PubMed in May 2021 for all English language studies published between 1990 and 30 April 2021, that reported on cancer prevalence, incidence, or mortality for incarcerated or formerly incarcerated individuals in the United States.

Twenty studies were selected. Data on cancer prevalence and incidence were scarce but suggested that incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have a similar overall risk of cancer diagnosis as the general population, but elevated risk of cerr patients experiencing incarceration.
To clarify the morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical effects of peracetic acid-ethanol sterilization processing to human hamstring tendon allografts for different time periods.

Thirty-two fresh-frozen human hamstring tendon allografts obtained from an allograft supplier were prepared and incubated in peracetic acid-ethanol solution (PES) containing 1% v/v peracetic acid and 24% v/v ethanol. Specimens were randomly classified into four groups according to the PES processing time (untreated as the control group, 30 min as the PES30 group, 120 min as the PES120 group, and 240 min as the PES240group). Cirtuvivint clinical trial Light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue were performed, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to measure the collagen fibril diameters and their distributions, from which the collagen fibril index (CFI) and mass average diameter (MAD) were calculated. The thermal stability and collagen denaturation were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and collagen denatun the properties of human hamstring tendon allografts, longer processing time could not promise better properties preservation.
Postoperative air leaks are a common complication after lung surgery. They are associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased postoperative pain and treatment costs. The treatment of prolonged air leaks remains controversial. Several treatments have been proposed including different types of sealants, chemical pleurodesis, or early surgical intervention. The aim of this review was to analyze the impact of autologous blood pleurodesis in a systematic way.

A systematic review of the literature was conducted until July 2020. Studies with more than five adult patients undergoing lung resections were included. Studies in patients receiving blood pleurodesis for pneumothorax were excluded. The search strategy included proper combinations of the MeSH terms "air leak", "blood transfusion" and "lung surgery".

Ten studies with a total of 198 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled success rate for sealing the air leak within 48 h of the blood pleurodesis was 83.7% (95% CI 75.7; 90.3). The pooled incidence of the post-interventional empyema was 1.5%, with a pooled incidence of post-interventional fever of 8.6%.

Current evidence supports the idea that autologous blood pleurodesis leads to a faster healing of postoperative air leaks than conservative treatment. The complication rate is very low. Formal recommendations on how to perform the procedure are not possible with the current evidence. A randomized controlled trial in the modern era is necessary to confirm the benefits.
Current evidence supports the idea that autologous blood pleurodesis leads to a faster healing of postoperative air leaks than conservative treatment. The complication rate is very low. Formal recommendations on how to perform the procedure are not possible with the current evidence. A randomized controlled trial in the modern era is necessary to confirm the benefits.
Artificial intelligence (AI) assistance has been considered as a promising way to improve colonoscopic polyp detection, but there are limited prospective studies on real-time use of AI systems.

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing colonoscopy at six centers. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to conventional colonoscopy (control group) or AI-assisted colonoscopy (AI group). AI assistance was our newly developed AI system for real-time colonoscopic polyp detection. Primary outcome is polyp detection rate (PDR). Secondary outcomes include polyps per positive patient (PPP), polyps per colonoscopy (PPC), and non-first polyps per colonoscopy (PPC-Plus).

A total of 2352 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control, AI group did not show significant increment in PDR (38.8% vs. 36.2%, p=0.183), but its PPC-Plus was significantly higher (0.5 vs. 0.4, p<0.05). In addition, AI group detected more diminutive polyps (76.0% vs. 68.8%, p<0.01) and flat polyps (5.9% vs. 3.3%, p<0.05). The effects varied somewhat between centers. In further logistic regression analysis, AI assistance independently contributed to the increment of PDR, and the impact was more pronounced for male endoscopists, shorter insertion time but longer withdrawal time, and elderly patients with larger waist circumference.

The intervention of AI plays a limited role in overall polyp detection, but increases detection of easily missed polyps; ChiCTR.org.cn number, ChiCTR1800015607.
The intervention of AI plays a limited role in overall polyp detection, but increases detection of easily missed polyps; ChiCTR.org.cn number, ChiCTR1800015607.Atomic details of structured water molecules are indispensable to understand the thermodynamics of important biological processes including the proton conduction mechanism of the M2 protein. Despite the expectation of structured water molecules based on crystal structures of Influenza A M2, only two water populations have been observed by NMR in reconstituted lipid bilayer samples. These are the bulk and lipid associated water populations typically seen in membrane samples. Here, we detect a bound water molecule at a chemical shift of 11 ppm, located near the functional histidine 37 residue in the M2 conductance domain, which comprises residues 18 to 60. Combining 100 kHz magic-angle spinning NMR, dynamic nuclear polarization and density functional theory calculations, we show that the bound water forms a hydrogen bond to the δ1 nitrogen of histidine-37.
Children are important in community-level influenza transmission. School-based monitoring may inform influenza surveillance.

We used reported weekly confirmed influenza in Allegheny County during the 2007 and 2010-2015 influenza seasons using Pennsylvania's Allegheny County Health Department all-age influenza cases from health facilities, and all-cause and influenza-like illness (ILI)-specific absences from nine county school districts. Negative binomial regression predicted influenza cases using all-cause and illness-specific absence rates, calendar week, average weekly temperature, and relative humidity, using four cross-validations.

School districts reported 2184220 all-cause absences (2010-2015). Three one-season studies reported 19577 all-cause and 3012 ILI-related absences (2007, 2012, 2015). Over seven seasons, 11946 confirmed influenza cases were reported. Absences improved seasonal model fits and predictions. Multivariate models using elementary school absences outperformed middle and high school models (relative mean absolute error (relMAE)=0.94, 0.98, 0.99). K-5 grade-specific absence models had lowest mean absolute errors (MAE) in cross-validations. ILI-specific absences performed marginally better than all-cause absences in two years, adjusting for other covariates, but markedly worse one year.

Our findings suggest seasonal models including K-5th grade absences predict all-age-confirmed influenza and may serve as a useful surveillance tool.
Our findings suggest seasonal models including K-5th grade absences predict all-age-confirmed influenza and may serve as a useful surveillance tool.
Few longitudinal studies have explored the association between apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) status, sleep disturbances, and incident dementia among middle-aged participants.

Cox regression analyses explored the association of sleep duration, insomnia, and daytime napping with incident all-cause dementia and their interaction with APOE genetic risk among 397,777 middle-aged adults.

During a median of 10.8 years follow-up, sleeping more or fewer than 7hours was associated with a higher dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] for 5vs 7hours 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.64; HR for 9vs 7hours 1.59; 95% CI 1.37-1.85) as was daytime napping (HR for often/all of the time vs never/rarely 1.67; 95% CI 1.37-2.03). Stratified analyses revealed that the effects of sleep disturbances were similar across all APOE genetic risk groups.

Short and long sleep duration and daytime napping in middle-aged individuals are associated with the development of dementia in later life. Sleep duration and quality are important for everyone regardless of their genetic risk by APOE genotype.
Short and long sleep duration and daytime napping in middle-aged individuals are associated with the development of dementia in later life. Sleep duration and quality are important for everyone regardless of their genetic risk by APOE genotype.
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