Notes

Repetitive Excess Serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies inside Greece, Might in order to September 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected the healthcare systems around the world. It has also induced some changes in working habits at dermatology clinics. The majority of dermatology clinics limited the number of patients at outpatient clinics and postponed the elective procedures.

To evaluate the working conditions and habits of dermatologists in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a survey study with seventeen questions in which two hundred fifteen dermatologists working in Turkey participated.

Our results revealed that 53.5% of the participants worked in the areas related to COVID-19 during the pandemic. The average number of dermatology outpatient days in a week was five among the 48.8% of dermatologists, 21.4% of those had three working days, and 18.1% of those had four days. During the pandemic, the most common reasons for referral to outpatient clinics were acne and acneiform eruptions (88.8%), dermatitis (73.5%), and hair loss (71.2%). Participants hesitated to use the following treatments long-term systemic steroid (77.7%), cyclosporine (69.8%), and methotrexate (60%).

It is observed that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the working habits and conditions of the dermatologists, which might be considered for the designing of new working approaches.
It is observed that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the working habits and conditions of the dermatologists, which might be considered for the designing of new working approaches.
To assess automatic computer-aided in situ recognition of the morphological features of pure and mixed urinary stones using intra-operative digital endoscopic images acquired in a clinical setting.

In this single-centre study, a urologist with 20 years' experience intra-operatively and prospectively examined the surface and section of all kidney stones encountered. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) or Ia, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) or IIb, and uric acid (UA) or IIIb morphological criteria were collected and classified to generate annotated datasets. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to predict the composition of both pure and mixed stones. To explain the predictions of the deep neural network model, coarse localization heat-maps were plotted to pinpoint key areas identified by the network.

This study included 347 and 236 observations of stone surface and stone section, respectively; approximately 80% of all stones exhibited only one morphological type and approximately 20% displ deep CNNs are a promising method by which to identify kidney stone composition from endoscopic images acquired intra-operatively. Both pure and mixed stone composition could be discriminated. Collected in a clinical setting, surface and section images analysed by a deep CNN provide valuable information about stone morphology for computer-aided diagnosis.
The objective of this study was to conduct an umbrella review of therapeutic studies relevant to emergency medicine, analyzing patterns in effect size, power, and signals of potential bias across an entire field of clinical research.

We combined topic- and journal-driven searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for published articles of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) relevant to emergency medicine (last search in November 2020). Data were screened and extracted by six investigators. Redundant meta-analyses were removed. Whenever possible for each comparison we extracted one meta-analysis on mortality with the most events and one meta-analysis on a nonmortality outcome with the most studies. From each meta-analysis we extracted all individual study effects; outcomes were converted to odds ratios (ORs) and placed on a common scale where an OR < 1.0 represents a reduction in a harmful outcome with an experimental treatment versus control. Outcomes were analyzed at the level of individual studiesowered trials.
Few interventions studied within SRMAs relevant to emergency medicine seem to have strong and unbiased evidence for improving outcomes. The field would benefit from more optimally powered trials.It has been demonstrated that lactoferrin (LF) plays a role in host defence, but evidence on its potential antiviral property from clinical studies is fragmented. Our systematic review aimed at identifying the effects of orally administered LF against virus infections. The systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BioRxiv.org and ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to 7th January 2021. Eligible articles investigated any virus family and provided data on the effects of orally administered LF of any origin in the prevention and/or management of confirmed viral infections in people of any age. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed. Quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk-Of-Bias and ROBINS-1 tools. Epigenetic inhibitor A total of 27 records were included, nine of which were registered protocols. We found data on Flaviviridae (n = 10), Retroviridae (n = 3), Coronaviridae (n = 2), Reoviridae (n = 2) and Caliciviridae (n = 1). Most published trials were at high risk of bias. The findings were heterogeneous across and within viral families regarding virological, immunological and biological response, with no clear conclusion. Some weak but positive results were reported about decrease of symptom severity and duration, or reduction in viral loads. Despite high tolerability, the effects of LF as oral supplement are still inconsistent, both in preventing and managing viral infections. Small sample sizes, variety in recruitment and treatment protocols, and low study quality may have contributed to such heterogeneity. Better-designed studies are needed to further investigate its potential benefits against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.Biologists have long been intrigued by apparently predictable and repetitive evolutionary trajectories inferred across a variety of lineages and systems. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing analyses have started to transform our understanding of such repetitive shifts. While researchers have traditionally categorized such shifts as either "convergent" or "parallel," based on relatedness of the lineages involved, emerging genomic insights provide an opportunity to better describe the actual evolutionary mechanisms at play. A synthesis of recent genomic analyses confirms that convergence is the predominant driver of repetitive evolution among species, whereas repeated sorting of standing variation is the major driver of repeated shifts within species. However, emerging data reveal numerous notable exceptions to these expectations, with recent examples of de novo mutations underpinning convergent shifts among even very closely related lineages, while repetitive sorting processes have occurred among even deeply divergent taxa, sometimes via introgression.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_epigenetics.html