Notes

Toxicological look at hydroethanol foliage extract associated with Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in animals.
The surgical treatments ranged from wide local excision to radical vulvectomy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was required for 16 patients. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) overall survival was 27 (21.7-32.2) months. Five-year survival probability for early-stage disease (I + II) was 49% (95% CI 12.9, 78.4) and for advanced disease (III + IV) was 24.8% (95% CI 4.8, 42.6). Lymph node-positive status was found to have a significant impact on survival (hazard ratio of 4.9 [95% CI 1.15-21.02, P = 0.02]).

Despite advances in detection and management modalities, the survival for vulval malignancies has not improved.
Despite advances in detection and management modalities, the survival for vulval malignancies has not improved.
Cervical cancer which is preventable, occurs due to humanpapiloma virus infection and results in a preinvasive condition called cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) before the development of cancer. Majority of the patients with CIN or early stage of cervical cancer present with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, and unhealthy looking cervix. Selectively screening these symptomatic patients, can detect more number of positive cases and also most effective screening technique for these selective patients can be advocated.

All married women between 21 and 65 years attending gynecology outpatient department of a tertiary care health center in Central India and having unhealthy cervix or abnormal vaginal discharge were included. All women were subjected to Pap smear, visual inspection under acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection under Lugol's iodine (VILI) and colposcopy. Biopsy was taken in all cases. Diagnostic value of each screening method was determined in terms of sensitivity, spe extremely high sensitivity.
Sigmoid colon, due to its close proximity to central tandem in intracavitary brachytherapy (BT), is at risk of receiving high dose, the clinical significance of which is not documented.

This study was designed to assess the dose received by sigmoid colon following radical treatment and to correlate clinically with the sigmoid mucosal changes seen on sigmoidoscopy.

This is a prospective study.

Thirty histologically proven carcinoma cervix patients treated with radical radiotherapy were accrued. A baseline sigmoidoscopy was done and repeated at 6 months following completion of BT. The dose-volume parameters (DVP) were used to calculate the dose received by the sigmoid colon and correlate with symptoms along with the sigmoid mucosal changes.

The following were the statistical methods used frequency; percentages; and descriptive statistics such as mean ± standard deviation, Chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and independent sample t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The dose of the sigmoid colon in patients with a sigmoidoscopy score of ≥2 was significantly high compared to that of patients with a score of <2 for DVP such as D0.1cc, D1cc, D2cc, D5cc, and mean dose, whereas max dose was not significantly high.

The dose received by the sigmoid colon is directly proportional to the mucosal changes and hence possibly a higher morbidity. Tighter dose-volume constraints, better optimization techniques, and close follow-up sigmoidoscopy will help in the prevention and early treatment of long-term morbidity.
The dose received by the sigmoid colon is directly proportional to the mucosal changes and hence possibly a higher morbidity. Tighter dose-volume constraints, better optimization techniques, and close follow-up sigmoidoscopy will help in the prevention and early treatment of long-term morbidity.
Definitive concurrent chemoradiation with brachytherapy is the prime modality of treatment of cervical cancer. The small bowel is one of the critical organs responsible for gastrointestinal complications.

This study aims to analyze the relation of small bowel dosimetric parameters with the incidence of acute gastrointestinal complications.

The study analyzed 40 patients of stage IIB-IVA who underwent concurrent chemoradiation with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin from June 2017 to June 2018. The small bowel was contoured as the organ of risk. Dose-volume histogram parameters of the small bowel subjected to analysis were mean dose, maximum dose, the total volume of organ receiving 20 Gy, 40 Gy, and 45 Gy (V20-45), and the volume of V20-45 to total volume (V20-45 ratio). Gastrointestinal toxicity was graded using CTCAE version 5.0 criteria. Association between dosimetric parameters and incidence of 1-2 gastrointestinal complications were evaluated.

A total of forty patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation were analyzed. Seven patients reported Grade 1, whereas three patients reported Grade 2 gastrointestinal complications. None of the patients reported Grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal complication. Patients with gastrointestinal complications had greater V30-45 and mean dose as compared to those without gastrointestinal complication.

Dosimetric parameters of small bowel should be evaluated to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications.
Dosimetric parameters of small bowel should be evaluated to reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications.
Ovarian cancer is the fifth common cause of death due to cancer in women. this website It constitutes 3% of all cancers in females and 15%-20% of genital malignancy. Most of the ovarian cancers are serous type followed by the endometrioid type. Sometimes, glands of these two carcinomas are indistinguishable histologically. It also becomes difficult to differentiate these two types when they are poorly differentiated.

The aim of this study was to find differences in immunomarker expressions between serous and endometrioid carcinomas and the association of their staining patterns with other clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Immunohistochemical staining for WT1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Ki67 (MIB1), and Her2/Neu were done in paraffin-embedded tissues of histologically diagnosed 38 cases of ovarian serous and endometrioid carcinomas and staining patterns were correlated with other clinicopathological prognostic factors.

Of these 38 cases (21 serous and 17 endometrioid), 24 cases were in Stage I/II and 14 cases Stage III/IV.
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