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Flowers associated with herbaceous as well as arboreous plant life inside Komaba College with the University of Tokyo, Okazaki, japan.
The current study is the intented to investigate the intensity of pollution, source characterization, oxidative potential, and human health risks of fourteen potentially toxic elements in the street dust of the Middle East oldest oil refinery zone. Thirty five street dust samples were collected from various regions in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities. The mean concentration of As, Mo, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cd, and Sb in Abadan street dust were 5.55, 3.39, 83.68, 49.82, 4493.54, 281.24, 1.15,and 1.17, while in Khorramshahr As, Mo, Cu, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cd, and Sb were.14, 2.58, 74.35, 56.50, 0.74, 214.26, 0.62, and 1.18, respectively. The concentration of these elements in both cities is higher than the local background values. Potential ecological risk index and pollution load index at all stations of both cities are greater than 1, indicating a high pollution load in the study area. Calculated enrichment factor showed high enrichment of Hg, Sb, Cd, Mo, Cu, Pb, and Zn in both areas. Of particular concern is the enrichment factor for mercury which proved to be 3370.54 ppb in the vicinity of the petrochemical unit in Abadan city (EF > 40). The results of positive matrix factorization receptor model together with geochemical maps and multivariate statistics indicated that industrial activities (especially petrochemical industries) are responsible for Hg, Cu, and Zn pollution, while exhaust emissions are responsible for Mo, Pb, Cd, and Sb, and natural sources for Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. The percentage of OPAA in the region ranged from 15.1 to 26.4 and OPGSH ranged from 9.5 to 24.4. The percentage of OPTOTAL/μg (OPAA/μg + OPGSH/μg) values varied between 0.6 and 1. The health risk evaluation models indicated that specific attention should be paid to Hg, Cd, Pb, and Zn and that the higher oxidative potential of street dust recovered from polluted locations is also a matter of concern in Abadan and Khorramshahr Cities.The uptake, bioconcentration and translocation of 22 endocrine disrupting compounds (six perflurocarboxylic acids (PFAAs), perfluorooctanoic sulfonic acid, four anionic surfactants (alkylsulfates (ASC) from C12 to C16), bisphenol A (BPA), four preservatives (parabens), two biocides (triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCB)) and five UV-filters (benzophenones)) in radish (Raphanus sativus) has been investigated. Radishes were grown in sewage sludge-amended soil under controlled conditions in a grown chamber. Degradation in soil adhered to root was higher than in soil and varied significantly from a family to another. The most recalcitrant compounds were PFCs, anionic surfactants and TCB. Perfluorinated compounds and AS-C12 were detected in all plant tissues and were the compounds with the highest bioconcentration factors (BCF). A decrease of BCF was observed for ASCs with the increase of the alkyl chain. Non-ionic compounds, except TCB, were mainly accumulated in bulb. Phenolic compounds were detected at lower concentration levels than non-phenolic compounds probably due to metabolisation in radish cells. click here The highest BCF in edible bulb were obtained for PFOS (BCF 1.668), perfluorooctanoic acid (BCF 0.534) and AS-C12 (BCF 0.523). This study reports for the first-time multiresidue plant uptake and translocation of pollutants from different chemical classes (perfluorinated compounds, surfactants, plasticiser, preservatives, biocides and UV-filters) and with a wide variety of physical-chemical properties.Thiram (TMTD) is able to induce antioxidant defense and oxidative stress in different organisms. Moreover, Thiram can act as a prooxidant resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the oxidative stress induced by Thiram in the cladoceran Daphnia magna. At present, literature focus on the determination of toxicity in vertebrate organisms or cells, however, very few studies were interested to evaluate Thiram's effects in aquatic organisms such as cladoceran. To assess these effects, antioxidant GSH content, CAT and GST enzyme activities, cellular damages and lipid peroxidation indicators (MDA) were evaluated as oxidative stress biomarkers. Our results showed that acute Thiram exposure resulted in significant biochemical responses, demonstrating that Thiram induced oxidative damage. Indeed, following exposure to Thiram, we noticed an intracellular (GSH) depletion, associated with a marked increase of lipid membrane peroxidation as shown by high (MDA) production. Moreover, a dose-dependent induction of antioxidant key enzymes (CAT) and (GST) was found which led to an oxidative stress and finally death of Daphnia magna.Sorption of sulfonamides (SAs) on magnetite-coated biochar (MBC) is a promising approach for the remediation of antibiotic contaminants, due to its extended adsorption capacity and irreversibility. However, the actual sorption mechanisms of SAs on MBC remain unclear and the gap in knowledge hinders understanding of the fate of SAs in soils or sediments. In this study, various MBCs were prepared under different pyrolysis temperatures, with batch sorption experiments conducted using SMT as the model pollutant. Results of a two-compartment kinetic model demonstrated that aromatic components of MBCs dominated slow-sorption mechanisms, whereas the embedded magnetite further accelerated fast-sorption due to H-bonding. Modification of BC with magnetite improved the distribution coefficient (Kd) and isotherm linearity of SMT. Multi-parameter model results indicated that the pH-dependence of SMT sorption on BCs and MBCs occurred via a dominant mechanism of π-bond assisted H-bonding. Compared to pristine BCs, the change in pH-dependent sorption characteristics of SMT on MBC results from the regulation of π-bonding and proton configuration. Simultaneous transformation of SMT to sulfate ions on BCs or MBCs was also observed. The degradation of SMT occurred because of persistent free radicals (PFRs) on BCs or the inherent redox of iron minerals on MBCs. However, the small fraction of SMT transformed on BCs or MBCs was not found to result in overestimation of SMT sorption. This study presents the critical mechanisms of SMT sorption on pyrochars and provides novel understanding of the fate of SMT on carbonaceous materials during practical remediation applications.
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