Notes

When is an industrial species of fish restored?
Although an association of fine particulate matter (PM
) with asthma incidence has been assumed, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of long-term exposure to PM
on incident asthma among elderly adults.

This study aimed to investigate an association between long-term exposure to PM
and incident asthma among elderly adults in South Korea.

Adults ≥65 years of age (n= 1,220,645) who did not visit hospitals for asthma during a washout period (between 2008 and 2010) were followed up until 2016 using data from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. Incident asthma was defined as the number of patients with a primary diagnostic code of asthma who visited hospitals more than twice. We linked the health data with district-level PM
concentrations and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident asthma after adjusting for potential confounders in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models.

Over 5,942,256 person-years, 54,522 patients developed asthma, with an incidence of 9.2 cases/1000 person-years. A 10 μg/m
increase in the 36-month mean PM
concentration was significantly associated with a 9% increase in incident asthma (HR= 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.14). This association was found to be robust for different definitions of incident asthma and washout periods.

Long-term exposure to PM
was associated with the incidence of asthma in elderly adults. This finding provides evidence of an association between PM
and adult-onset asthma.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with the incidence of asthma in elderly adults. This finding provides evidence of an association between PM2.5 and adult-onset asthma.Microplastics (MPs), emerging environmental contaminants, exhibit multiple toxicities in organisms. However, the transgenerational neurotoxicity of MPs has received little attention. Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism for studying transgenerational toxicity. In this study, the transgenerational neurotoxicity and oxidative stress of MPs were investigated over five generations (F0-F4) of C. elegans. The parental generation (F0) was exposed to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) at concentrations of 0.1-100 μg/L, and subsequent generations (F1-F4) were cultured under toxicant-free conditions. The results indicated that exposure to PS-MPs at concentrations of 10-100 μg/L significantly decreased head thrash and body bends in nematodes, and this reduction was also observed in subsequent generations (F1-F2). This suggested that neurotoxicity induced by PS-MPs can be transferred from the parent to subsequent generations. Tamoxifen Maternal exposure to 100 μg/L PS-MPs significantly enhanced ROS production and lipofuscin accumulation in subsequent generations (F1-F2), indicating that the induction of oxidative stress plays an important role in the transgenerational neurotoxicity in C. elegans. Moreover, maternal exposure to PS-MPs resulted in the transgenerational upregulation of genes related to oxidative stress (clk-1, ctl-1, sod-3, sod-4, and sod-5) in the F1-F3 generations, which indicated that these genes may be involved in regulating transgenerational neurotoxicity in C. elegans.Reduction and recycling of Cr(VI) can offer environmental governance and sustainable development. Polypyrrole/sugarcane bagasse composites (PPy/SCB) for efficient adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) in wastewater were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The effects of the initial pH, Cr concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, composition ratio and temperature on adsorption capacity were explored. The optimal Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of PPy/SCB was achieved when the pH value was 2.0. The adsorbents before and after adsorption were characterized, which confirmed that adsorption process affects the morphology, composition and structure of the PPy/SCB surface. The adsorption kinetics data of Cr(VI) were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that Cr(VI) concentration gradient played a driving role in this process. The adsorption isotherm data were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model with the adsorption capacity of 156-251 mg/g. Synergic effect of PPy and SCB during the processes of electrostatic adsorption and ion exchange, in-situ reduction of electron donors, and coordination were found to be responsible for the rapid removal and toxicity reduction of total Cr in aqueous solution. Cr(VI) anions can be chelated by oxygen-containing functional groups on SCB surface after reduction to simple cations, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. This study provides a reasonable scheme for the targeted use of waste biomass for heavy metal pollution control.This study was conducted to explore the effects of maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on testicular development of male offspring mice. 20 pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group and PFOA exposure group with 10 mice of each. In PFOA exposure group, pregnant mice were given 5 mg/kg BW PFOA daily by gavage during gestation. Male offspring mice were killed to separate serum and collect testis at postpartum day 21, then tested the experimental indicators. The results showed that compared with control group, the content of PFOA in the serum of PFOA-exposed mice increased significantly and testosterone content is significantly reduced. Histological observations revealed architectural damages in testis in PFOA exposed groups and the apoptosis was increased. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the U4/U6 snRNA coding genes snu13 and prp19 complex coding genes HSP73 were up-regulated and the U5 snRNA coding genes Brr2, Prp8 and EJC/TREX coding THOC genes were down-regulated after PFOA exposure Real-time PCR confirmed this result. These results indicate that the exposure of pregnant mice to perfluorooctanoic acid will have a damaging effect on the development of testes in male offspring mice, which may be due to blocked activation of the shear body, changes in structural functions, and inability to perform shear functions.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html