Notes

Light considerations within recurrent brochure patients: Ought to image record influence choices about repeated image?
Sixty-eight faculty members completed the survey (72% response rate); participants represented all divisions across the school and had extensive dental practice experiences. Overall, participants agreed the EPAs met the defined criteria and were considered important for graduates to be able to demonstrate. Glutaraldehyde Feedback from faculty voiced support for the EPA framework and identified concerns regarding the implementation due to potential faculty calibration and time constraints.

Evidence from this study supports additional research to explore how the EPA framework can be further developed in predoctoral and postgraduate dental education programs.
Evidence from this study supports additional research to explore how the EPA framework can be further developed in predoctoral and postgraduate dental education programs.A general graphene quantum dot-tethering design strategy to synthesize single-atom catalysts (SACs) is presented. The strategy is applicable to different metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and supports (0D carbon nanosphere, 1D carbon nanotube, 2D graphene nanosheet, and 3D graphite foam) with the metal loading of 3.0-4.5 wt %. The direct transmission electron microscopy imaging and X-ray absorption spectra analyses confirm the atomic dispersed metal in carbon supports. Our study reveals that the abundant oxygenated groups for complexing metal ions and the rich defective sites for incorporating nitrogen are essential to realize the synthesis of SACs. Furthermore, the carbon nanotube supported Ni SACs exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction with nearly 100 % CO selectivity. This universal strategy is expected to open up new research avenues to produce SACs for diverse electrocatalytic applications.
Extensive lower extremity soft-tissue defects pose a reconstructive challenge. We present our experience with the conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi (CPLD) free flap.

From October 2008 to October 2017, 69 patients (14 female, 55 male) with a mean age of 50 years (range 16-79 years) underwent reconstruction of lower extremity defects with the CPLD free flap. Mean defect size was 24 × 36 cm (range 14 × 20 to 45 × 80 cm).

Mean latissimus dorsi (LD) flap size was 19 × 28 cm (range 14 × 20 to 28 × 42 cm) and mean parascapular (PSC) flap size was 8 × 25 cm (range 5 × 12 to 11 × 33 cm). Six patients (9%) experienced a total of eight microvascular complications arterial thrombosis (n = 1), venous thrombosis (n = 6), combined arterial and venous thrombosis (n = 1). The re-exploration rate was 13%. Major complications of the donor-site were seen in 9 patients (13%), of the flap in 13 patients (19%), and of both in 6 patients (9%). Fifteen patients experienced partial flap necrosis (22%). Three CPLD and one PSC flap were lost (5%). PSC flap length was a significant predictor of distal flap necrosis (χ
(1) = 13.2, p = .004, OR = 1.343, 95% CI [1.098-1.642]). PSC flap width was a significant predictor of donor-site revisions (χ
(1) = 15.9, p = .010, OR = 4.745, 95% CI [1.584-14.213]). Arterio-venous loops (AVLs) tended to increase the risk of microvascular thrombosis (χ
(1) = 3.7, p = .08, OR = 4.1, 95% CI [0.9-18.7]).

The CPLD free flap is an extremely large and highly reliable flap, allowing one-stage reconstruction of extensive lower extremity defects. It may overcome the need for multiple flaps in selected cases.
The CPLD free flap is an extremely large and highly reliable flap, allowing one-stage reconstruction of extensive lower extremity defects. It may overcome the need for multiple flaps in selected cases.Heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer. For various cancer outcomes/phenotypes, supervised heterogeneity analysis has been conducted, leading to a deeper understanding of disease biology and customized clinical decisions. In the literature, such analysis has been oftentimes based on demographic, clinical, and omics measurements. Recent studies have shown that high-dimensional histopathological imaging features contain valuable information on cancer outcomes. However, comparatively, heterogeneity analysis based on imaging features has been very limited. In this article, we conduct supervised cancer heterogeneity analysis using histopathological imaging features. The penalized fusion technique, which has notable advantages-such as greater flexibility-over the finite mixture modeling and other techniques, is adopted. A sparse penalization is further imposed to accommodate high dimensionality and select relevant imaging features. To improve computational feasibility and generate more reliable estimation, we employ model averaging. Computational and statistical properties of the proposed approach are carefully investigated. Simulation demonstrates its favorable performance. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data may provide a new way of defining/examining breast cancer heterogeneity.
A variety of models are used for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and smear preparation techniques training human, animal and silicon models or combined models. We present fresh animal tissues as models for freehand and ultrasound (US)-guided FNAB technique training, enabling an integrated approach from tumour detection to smear evaluation.

We introduced a novel combined animal tissue model using dietary animal meat with covering skin as a substrate. Animal liver tissue of various sizes, representing tumour, was inserted into the various layers of the substrate (subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, proximity of bone). Freehand and US-guided FNAB smear preparation, including fixation, was then performed and assessed.

The use of a combined animal tissue model for 6 freehand and 3 US-guided FNAB sessions showed a statistically significant improvement in the US-guided FNAB retrieval of liver tissue (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0216), in smear preparation technique reflected in a decrease in the number of too thick smears after freehand FNAB (Fisher's exact test, p  =  .0070), in the overall number of smears satisfactory for evaluation by US-guided FNAB (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0206) and in the number of flawless smears obtained in the freehand FNAB training sessions (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0020).

A unique advantage of the presented model encompassing various layers of animal tissues with covering skin, offers an integrated approach for FNAB training from "tumour" detection, puncture precision, to smear preparation and cytological evaluation for a wider audience and does not compromise patient safety.
A unique advantage of the presented model encompassing various layers of animal tissues with covering skin, offers an integrated approach for FNAB training from "tumour" detection, puncture precision, to smear preparation and cytological evaluation for a wider audience and does not compromise patient safety.
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