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[Analysis of the effects of esophageal cancers verification in Henan rural regions along with cancers screening process plan, 2014-2018].
6%. Two patients who experienced distant metastases had a past surgical history of initial lung cancer before SBRT. The rates of cause-specific and overall survival at 3 years were 98.2 and 94.6%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of ≥grade 4 were not reported. Although more cases and longer follow-ups are mandatory, SBRT may be one of the radical treatment options for patients with GGN. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] disconnection model has been proposed as a possible neural mechanism for cognitive aging. However, the relationship between structural connectivity degeneration and cognitive decline with normal aging remains unclear. In the present study, using diffusion MRI and tractography techniques, we report graph theory-based analyses of the brain structural connectome in a cross-sectional, community-based cohort of 633 cognitively healthy elderly individuals. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of the elderly subjects was performed. The association between age, brain structural connectome, and cognition across elderly individuals was examined. We found that the topological efficiency, modularity, and hub integration of the brain structural connectome exhibited a significant decline with normal aging, especially in the frontal, parietal, and superior temporal regions. Importantly, network efficiency was positively correlated with attention and executive function in elderly subjects and had a significant mediation effect on the age-related decline in these cognitive functions. Moreover, nodal efficiency of the brain structural connectome showed good performance for the prediction of attention and executive function in elderly individuals. Together, our findings revealed topological alterations of the brain structural connectome with normal aging, which provides possible structural substrates underlying cognitive aging and sensitive imaging markers for the individual prediction of cognitive functions in elderly subjects. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula x Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate if jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway also outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities and phytohormone tissue level in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used for the identification of proteins in the secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive fluid, many of them were found before in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, the alpha-amylase is unique among carnivorous plants. The enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture, however the tissue content of jasmonic acid (JA) and its isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile) remained rather low in contrast to wounding. The enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of JA or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. x Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for the carnivorous syndrome. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.INTRODUCTION Evaluations of multiple tobacco product use and temporal changes in patterns of use are complicated by the large number of combinations and transitions. Visualization tools could easily identify most common patterns and transitions. METHODS Set intersection bar plots describe ever use of five tobacco products among 12-17 years old youth in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (N=11497). Heat maps visualize unweighted frequencies of transitions from ever use at Wave 1 (2013-2014) to past 12-month use at Wave 2 (2014-2015). Weighted calibrated heat maps assess differences in relative frequencies of transitions by pattern at Wave 1 and identify differences in transitions by sex. RESULTS The most common tobacco product ever use patterns in Wave 1 were of cigarettes only, e-cigarettes only or hookah only, followed by ever use of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Initiation of use between Waves was uncommon. The most frequent transition among those who reported use at Wave 2 but not at Wave 1 (N=971) was to e-cigarette use (N=301). However, among e-cigarette-only ever users at Wave 1 (N=260), about half did not report any product use at Wave 2. Use of three or more products remained stable. Adolescent girls compared to boys appeared more likely to report hookah use at both Waves. CONCLUSION Set intersection bar plots and heat maps are useful for visualizing tobacco product use patterns and transitions, especially for multiple products. Both techniques could identify common problematic tobacco use patterns across and within populations. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] any given moment, we experience a perceptual scene as a single whole and yet we may distinguish a variety of objects within it. This phenomenon instantiates two properties of conscious perception integration and differentiation. check details Integration is the property of experiencing a collection of objects as a unitary percept and differentiation is the property of experiencing these objects as distinct from each other. Here, we evaluated the neural information dynamics underlying integration and differentiation of perceptual contents during bistable perception. Participants listened to a sequence of tones (auditory bistable stimuli) experienced either as a single stream (perceptual integration) or as two parallel streams (perceptual differentiation) of sounds. We computed neurophysiological indices of information integration and information differentiation with electroencephalographic and intracranial recordings. When perceptual alternations were endogenously driven, the integrated percept was associated with an increase in neural information integration and a decrease in neural differentiation across frontoparietal regions, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the differentiated percept.
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