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Can preoperative resting penile break dimension predict surgery outcomes?
As clinical trials end, little is understood about how participants exiting from clinical trials approach decisions related to the removal or post-trial use of investigational brain implants, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. This empirical bioethics study examines how research participants experience the process of exit from research at the end of clinical trials of implanted neural devices. Using a modified grounded theory study design, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 former research participants from clinical trials of DBS and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). Open-ended questions elicited motivations for joining the trial, understanding of study procedures at the time of initial informed consent, the process of exiting from research, and decisions about device removal or post-trial device use. Thematic analysis identified categories related to limited preparedness for the end of research participation, straightforwardness of decisions to explant or keep the device, reconciling with the end of research participation, reconciling post-trial expectations, and achieving a sense of closure after exit from research. A preliminary theoretical model describes contextual factors influencing the process and experience of exit from research. Experiences of clinical trial participants should guide research practices to enhance the ethical design and conduct of clinical trials in DBS and other brain devices.The effects of an eight-week off-season strength training program upon lower-body strength, power, eccentric capacity, front foot contact (FFC) kinetics, and ball release speed (BRS) in pace bowlers were investigated. Ten elite-academy pace bowlers completed the intervention, and pre- and post-testing. Pre- and post-testing included double (DLDL) and single leg (SLDL) drop landings; isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP); countermovement jump; and pace bowling performance (two-over bowling spell measuring BRS and FFC kinetics). Changes from pre- to post-testing were assessed with paired sample t tests (p≤ 0.01), effects sizes and statistical parametrical mapping. Post-testing revealed a significant decrease in peak normalised vertical force during DLDL and SLDL with large effects and a significant, moderate effect increase in IMTP. There was no significant changes in BRS. Concomitantly, neither discrete scalar (p= 0.15-0.58) nor vector field analysis kinetics during FFC indicated significant changes. No significant alterations in FFC kinetics may explain the lack of improvement in BRS (pre = 31.55 ± 1.44 m/s; post = 31.79 ± 1.33 m/s). Proxalutamide This study indicated an eight-week strength training program can improve strength and eccentric capacity in pace bowlers, and these changes when developed in the absence of skills training neither improved nor decreased pace bowling performance.In this paper, we make the case that a person who is considering or has already made a decision that appears seriously harmful to that person should in some cases be judged incapable of making that decision because of the harmfulness of the decision. We focus on the English case of C of 2015. C refused life-saving dialysis. The hospital wanted her declared incompetent to make this decision under the English Mental Capacity Act of 2005. The Judge argued that the consequences for a person's welfare of their decision are irrelevant to the assessment of competence, a position labeled "internalism." This aligns with an assessment of decision-making competence on a strictly cognitivist model. However, internalism misrepresents decision-making. The outcomes of decision-making processes should be part and parcel of judgments of decision-making competence, and in some cases are necessary for any judgment of incompetence to be made.Language - the words we use - can play a key role in enabling or limiting transformation of inequalities in the field of global health. At the same time, given the interdisciplinary, intersectoral, and international nature of much global health work, intended meanings, commitments, and underlying values for words used cannot be taken for granted. This commentary sets out to clarify, and in this manner render available for further discussion and debate, the phrase 'critical and ethical global engagement' (CEGE). It derives from discussions between scholars and partners in research, education, and healthcare practice based at one Canadian and two Rwanda institutions. Initially, our aim was to conceptualise the term 'critical and ethical global engagement' in order to guide our own practices. As the complexity of the values, commitments, and considerations underlying our use of this phrase emerged, however, we realised these discussions merited being captured and shared, to facilitate further exploration and exchange on this phrase.The growing issue of housing affordability is an increasing challenge worldwide as the financialization of housing markets undermines housing as a basic human right. One of the most vulnerable segments of the population affected by rising housing costs are older, low-income, females. Drawing on qualitative interviews with older women, we explore lived experiences of housing insecurity using a feminist political ecology perspective. Our findings reveal substantial challenges as well as creative solutions being employed by these women to stay in place. We conclude that more targeted and age- and gender-inclusive housing policies, programs, supports and services are critically needed.The recommendation to start antiretroviral treatment independently of CD4 or viral load count is adopted as a strategy for reducing HIV/AIDS incidence rates in countries with a high prevalence rate, such as Lesotho. For example, the number of new HIV infections has lowered from 20,000 in 2010 to 11,000 in 2018 [UNAIDS Country Factsheets. (2019). https//www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/lesotho]. Lesotho introduced the 'test and treat' strategy in 2013 to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic, representing a shift from the provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling guidelines. The purpose of this paper was to understand pregnant women's concerns about starting antiretroviral treatment to limit risks of mother-to-child HIV-transmission during the implementation of 'test and treat' protocol in Lesotho. The study used a qualitative research approach and collected information from Lesotho public antenatal clinics. In-depth interviews were conducted with eighteen pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and data were analysed manually following the constructivist grounded theory.
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