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Optimizing Teaching During Web-Based Connection Education and learning pertaining to Low-Income Partners: Protocol pertaining to Detail Medicine Research.
When the experimenter endorsed veg*an food options, however, participants went against the majority, and did sign the petition. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role for exemplars and institutions by signaling that there are allies who endorse a meat-free diet, they may liberate vegetarians and vegans to publicly express their deviant, meat-free preferences, and thus speed up wider societal change.Many studies address the effect of the COVID-19 restrictions on food consumption and health, focusing on one or two measurements. Whether or not any effects are permanent or change over a longer period of restrictions has not been assessed in such studies. This study presented a survey containing questions on food consumption, exercise and self-assessed physical and mental health, repeatedly for six times over a 20-week period (July to November 2020) to a representative sample of 258 Dutch consumers. The majority of consumers reported no change in food consumption compared to before the COVID-19 restrictions, two smaller groups report a change to a more, or a less, healthy choice. This trend appears stable over the course of the measurements. The 'healthy changers' seem to couple a healthy and more diverse diet to healthy exercise habits, in contrast to the 'unhealthy changers'. No change was observed in self-assessed physical health over the measurements. Overall a decline in time spent exercising showed, as well as a decline in self-assessed mental health. Clearly a lockdown situation affects food choice, exercise habits and (self-assessed) mental health. The fact that habits are able to suddenly change, for better or for worse, and that a decrease in mental health was reported, suggests that such insights need to be further explored to help individual consumers retain a healthy diet and lifestyle, and governments devise effective public health recommendations.
Accurate segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) is crucial but tedious and time-consuming in adaptive radiotherapy (ART). The purpose of this work was to automate head and neck OAR-segmentation on repeat CT (rCT) by an optimal combination of human and auto-segmentation for accurate prediction of Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP).

Human segmentation (HS) of 3 observers, deformable image registration (DIR) based contour propagation and deep learning contouring (DLC) were carried out to segment 15 OARs on 15 rCTs. The original treatment plan was re-calculated on rCT to obtain mean dose (D
) and consequent NTCP-predictions. The average D
and NTCP-predictions of the three observers were referred to as the gold standard to calculate the absolute difference of D
and NTCP-predictions (|ΔD
| and |ΔNTCP|).

The average |ΔD
| of parotid glands in HS was 1.40Gy, lower than that obtained with DIR and DLC (3.64Gy, p<0.001 and 3.72Gy, p<0.001, respectively). DLC showed the highest |ΔD
| in middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle (PCM) (5.13Gy, p=0.01). DIR showed second highest |ΔD
| in the cricopharyngeal inlet (2.85Gy, p=0.01). The semi auto-segmentation (SAS) adopted HS, DIR and DLC for segmentation of parotid glands, PCM and all other OARs, respectively. The 90th percentile |ΔNTCP|was 2.19%, 2.24%, 1.10% and 1.50% for DIR, DLC, HS and SAS respectively.

Human segmentation of the parotid glands remains necessary for accurate interpretation of mean dose and NTCP during ART. Proposed semi auto-segmentation allows NTCP-predictions within 1.5% accuracy for 90% of the cases.
Human segmentation of the parotid glands remains necessary for accurate interpretation of mean dose and NTCP during ART. Proposed semi auto-segmentation allows NTCP-predictions within 1.5% accuracy for 90% of the cases.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) cardiac radioablation (CR) challenges radiotherapy tracking multiple small targets close to organs-at-risk undergo rapid differential cardiac contraction and respiratory motion. MR-guidance offers a real-time target tracking solution. This work develops and investigates MRI-guided tracking of AF CR targets with cardiac-induced motion.

A direct tracking method (Tracking
) and two indirect tracking methods leveraging population-based surrogacy relationships with the left atria (Tracking
) or other target (Tracking
) were developed. Tracking performance was evaluated using transverse ECG-gated breathhold MRI images from 15 healthy and 10 AF participants. Geometric and volumetric tracking errors were calculated, defined as the difference between the ground-truth and tracked target centroids and volumes respectively. Transverse, breath-hold, noncardiac-gated cine images were acquired at 4Hz in 5 healthy and 5 AF participants to qualitatively characterize tracking performance on images more comparable to MRILinac acquisitions.

The average 3D geometric tracking errors for Tracking
, Tracking
and Tracking
respectively were 1.7±1.2mm, 1.6±1.1mm and 1.9±1.3mm in healthy participants and 1.7±1.3mm, 1.5±1.0mm and 1.7±1.2mm in AF participants. For Tracking
, 88% of analyzed images had 3D geometric tracking errors <3mm and the average volume tracking error was 1.7±1.3cc. click here For Tracking
on non-cardiac-gated cine images, tracked targets overlapped organsat-risk or completely missed the target area on 2.2% and 0.08% of the images respectively.

The feasibility of non-invasive MRI-guided tracking of cardiac-induced AF CR target motion was demonstrated for the first time, showing potential for improving AF CR treatment efficacy.
The feasibility of non-invasive MRI-guided tracking of cardiac-induced AF CR target motion was demonstrated for the first time, showing potential for improving AF CR treatment efficacy.
The outcome of radiotherapy is a direct consequence of the dose delivered to the patient. Yet image-guidance and motion management to date focus on geometrical considerations as a practical surrogate for dose. Here, we propose real-time dose-guidance realized through continuous motion-including dose reconstructions and demonstrate this new concept in simulated liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivery.

During simulated liver SBRT delivery, in-house developed software performed real-time motion-including reconstruction of the tumor dose delivered so far and continuously predicted the remaining fraction tumor dose. The total fraction dose was estimated as the sum of the delivered and predicted doses, both with and without the emulated couch correction that maximized the predicted final CTV D95% (minimum dose to 95% of the clinical target volume). Dose-guided treatments were simulated for 15 liver SBRT patients previously treated with tumor motion monitoring, using both sinusoidal tumor motion and the actual patient-measured motion. A dose-guided couch correction was triggered if it improved the predicted final CTV D95% with 3, 4 or 5 %-points. The final CTV D95% of the dose-guidance strategy was compared with simulated treatments using geometry guided couch corrections (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

Compared to geometry guidance, dose-guided couch corrections improved the median CTV D95% with 0.5-1.5 %-points (p<0.01) for sinusoidal motions and with 0.9 %-points (p<0.01, 3 %-points trigger threshold), 0.5 %-points (p=0.03, 4 %-points threshold) and 1.2 %-points (p=0.09, 5 %-points threshold) for patient-measured tumor motion.

Real-time dose-guidance was proposed and demonstrated to be superior to geometrical adaptation in liver SBRT simulations.
Real-time dose-guidance was proposed and demonstrated to be superior to geometrical adaptation in liver SBRT simulations.
To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of dose-escalated image guided-intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT) in osteosarcoma (OGS), chondrosarcoma (CS) and chordoma (CH) of head and neck (H&N) and pelvis.

In this prospective non-randomized study, 65 patients of H&N or pelvic OGS (24), CS (7) and CH (34) mandating definitive or post-operative radiotherapy from May 2013 to December 2018 were included. Radiotherapy doses in definitive setting were 72.0Gy for CH and 70.2Gy for OGS and CS; while in post-operative setting it was 66.6Gy and 64.8Gy respectively (at 1.8Gy per fraction).

Planned doses of radiotherapy could be completed in 61 (93.8%) patients; with grade III or higher acute and late toxicities of 3% and 0% respectively. With a median follow-up of 52 (range 6-92) months, the five-year actuarial local control (LC) rates were 66% in OGS, 38.1% in CS and 75.9% in CH; while cause-specific survival (CSS) rates were 54.7%, 64.3% and 92.2% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes for patients receiving definitive and post-operative radiotherapy. Locally controlled disease at first follow-up after radiotherapy was associated with improved CSS and OS in CS (p=0.014) and CH (p<0.001). Radiotherapy resulted in significant and sustained improvement in Musculoskeletal tumour society (MSTS) score and reduction in pain score. Salvage re-irradiation was feasible in local progression after radiotherapy, with good outcomes and tolerability.

Dose-escalated IG-IMRT results in good LC & functional improvement with minimal toxicity in OGS, CS and CH.
Dose-escalated IG-IMRT results in good LC & functional improvement with minimal toxicity in OGS, CS and CH.Yeast morphology and counting are highly important in fermentation as they are often associated with productivity and can be influenced by process conditions. At present, time-consuming and offline methods are utilized for routine analysis of yeast morphology and cell counting using a haemocytometer. In this study, we demonstrate the application of an in situ microscope to obtain a fast stream of pseudohyphae images from agitated sample suspensions of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, whose morphology in cell clusters is frequently found in the bioethanol fermentation industry. The large statistics of microscopic images allow for online determination of the principal morphological characteristics of the pseudohyphae, including the number of constituent cells, cell-size, number of branches, and length of branches. The distributions of these feature values are calculated online, constituting morphometric monitoring of the pseudohyphae population. By providing representative data, the proposed system can improve the effectiveness of morphological characterization, which in turn can help to improve the understanding and control of bioprocesses in which pseudohyphal-like morphologies are found.Research on the environmental fate and behavior of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) remains limited, especially in the remote alpine regions. In this study, the concentrations and distributions of NBFRs were investigated in soils and mosses collected from two slopes of Shergyla in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), to unravel the environmental behaviors of NBFRs in this background area. The total NBFR concentrations (∑7NBFRs) ranged from 34.2 to 879 pg/g dw in soil and from 72.8 to 2505 pg/g dw in moss. ∑7NBFRs in soil samples collected in 2019 were significantly higher than those in 2012 (p  less then  0.05). Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant NBFR, accounting for 90% of ∑7NBFRs on average. The ratio of the concentrations in moss and soil showed significantly positive correlations with LogKOA except for DBDPE (p  less then  0.05), indicating that the role of mosses as accumulators compared to soils are more pronounced for more volatile NBFRs. In addition, the concentrations of NBFRs generally decreased with increasing altitude on the south-facing slope, whereas on the north-facing slope some NBFRs exhibited different trends, suggesting concurrent local and long-range transport sources.
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