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Prime-Boost Vaccination With Covaxin/BBV152 Triggers Enhanced Wide spread Cytokine along with Chemokine Replies.
50, 2.07, and 3.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) and d-Met (0.62, 1.41, and 1.19 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) than did pigs supplemented with dl-HMTBA (l-Met 0.28, 0.76, and 1.08 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; d-Met 0.34, 0.58, and 0.64 nmol · cm-2 · h-1) in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Only in jejunum of dl-Met-fed pigs, fluxes at 50 μM l-Met were reduced by the omission of luminal Na+ (from 3.27 to 0.86 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P less then 0.05) and by a cocktail of 22 luminal AAs (to 1.05 nmol · cm-2 · h-1; P less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation of dl-Met increases the efficiency of l-Met and d-Met absorption at physiologically relevant luminal Met concentrations along the small intestine of pigs, including a very prominent induction of an Na+-dependent transport system with preference for l-Met in the mid-jejunum. Dietary supplementation with dl-Met could be a promising tool to improve the absorption of Met and other AAs. Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.The abundance, diversity, and genomic distribution of repetitive elements is highly variable among species. These patterns are thought to be driven in part by reproductive mode and the interaction of selection and recombination, and recombination rates typically vary by chromosomal position. In the nematode C. elegans, repetitive elements are enriched at chromosome arms and depleted on centers, and this mirrors the chromosomal distributions of other genomic features such as recombination rate. How conserved is this genomic landscape of repeats, and what evolutionary forces maintain it? To address this, we compared the genomic organization of repetitive elements across five Caenorhabditis species with chromosome-level assemblies. As previously reported, repeat content is enriched on chromosome arms in most Caenorhabditis species, and no obvious patterns of repeat content associated with reproductive mode were observed. However, the fig-associated Caenorhabditis inopinata has experienced repetitive element expaup, although other historical or genomic factors are needed to explain the idiosyncrasy of genomic organization of various transposable element taxa within C. inopinata. Taken together, these results highlight the power of comparative genomics and evolutionary simulations in testing hypotheses regarding the causes of genome organization. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Protein ingestion increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery from endurance exercise. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of graded doses of dietary protein co-ingested with carbohydrate on whole-body protein metabolism, and skeletal muscle myofibrillar (MyoPS) and mitochondrial (MitoPS) protein synthesis rates during recovery from endurance exercise. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 48 healthy, young, endurance-trained men (mean ± SEM age 27 ± 1 y) received a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, l-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine, and l-[1-13C]-leucine and ingested 45 g carbohydrate with either 0 (0 g PRO), 15 (15 g PRO), 30 (30 g PRO), or 45 (45 g PRO) g intrinsically l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine and l-[1-13C]-leucine labeled milk protein after endurance exercise. Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected over 360 min of postexercise recovery to assess whole-body protein metabolism and both MyoPS and MitoPS rates. RESULTS Pro protein-derived amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein respond to increasing protein intake in a dose-dependent manner. Ingestion of 30 g protein is sufficient to maximize MyoPS rates during recovery from a single bout of endurance exercise.This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR5111. Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.Dermacentor marginatus Sulkzer is a common tick species found in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China, and is a vector for a variety of pathogens. To determine the potential distribution of this tick species in Xinjiang, a metadata containing 84 D. marginatus presence records combined with four localities from field collection were used for MaxEnt modeling to predict potential distribution of this tick species. Identification of tick samples showed 756 of 988 (76%) were D. TW-37 marginatus. MaxEnt modeling results indicated that the potential distribution of this tick species was mainly confined to northern XUAR. Highly suitable areas included west side of Altay mountain, west rim of Junggar basin, and Yili River valley in the study area. The model showed an AUC value of 0.838 ± 0.063 (SD), based on 10-fold cross-validation. Although tick presence records used for modeling were limited, this is the first regional tick distribution model for D. marginatus in Xinjiang. The model will be helpful in assessing the risk of tick-borne diseases to human and animals in the region. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Whole egg (WE) consumption has been demonstrated to attenuate body weight (BW) gain and adiposity in genetic animal models of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This finding was accompanied by increased food consumption. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of long-term WE intake on BW gain, fat distribution, and food intake in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were obtained at 5 wk of age and were randomly weight-matched across 1 of 4 dietary intervention groups (6 rats per group) a casein-based diet (CAS), a high-fat high-sucrose CAS diet (HFHS CAS), a whole egg-based diet (EGG), or a high-fat high-sucrose EGG diet (HFHS EGG). All diets provided 20% (w/w) protein and were provided for 33 wk. HFHS diets provided ∼61% of kilocalories from fat and 10% from sucrose. Daily weight gain and food intake were recorded, biochemical parameters were measured via ELISA, and epididymal fat pad weights were recorded at the end of the study. RESULTS At 33 wk, cumulative BW gain in DIO rats fed HFHS EGG resulted in 23% lower weight gain compared with DIO rats fed HFHS CAS (P less then 0.
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