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In contrast, lower FBS concentrations (5 and 10%) improved all post-thaw variables when compared to control. Afterwards, based on regression analysis, the concentration of 7% FBS was chosen to be assessed against CLCs in an experiment composed by four groups control, FBS, CLCs, and FBS + CLCs. FBS and FBS + CLCs groups exhibited higher progressive motility in fresh samples, whereas only FBS maintained higher post-thaw progressive motility. Additionally, the incorporation FBS into extenders increased the percentage of rapid cells and reduced free radicals production and plasma membrane peroxidation. Together, these outcomes indicated that FBS minimize some harmful effects of cryopreservation, providing an alternative for chicken semen extenders that in many aspects appears to be superior to CLCs at 1 mg/mL.Background The recent identification of embryo cell-free DNA in the spent blastocyst media opened a new era of possibilities for non-invasive embryo aneuploidy testing in assisted reproductive technologies. Yet, previous studies assessing limited numbers of embryos reported variable concordance between embryo cell-free DNA and trophectoderm biopsies, thus questioning the validity of this approach. Objective(s) 1) To evaluate the concordance and reproducibility of testing embryo cell-free DNA versus trophectoderm DNA obtained from the same embryo in a large sample of human blastocysts. 2) To assess the contribution of the inner cell mass and/or trophectoderm to the embryo cell-free DNA released to the culture media. Study design This is the interim analysis of a prospective, observational study among eight in vitro fertilization centers, on four continents, to assess consistency between non-invasive embryo aneuploidy testing of embryo cell-free DNA and conventional trophectoderm biopsy. Analysis included 1,301vantages such as avoiding invasive embryo biopsy and decreased cost, potentially increasing accessibility for a wider patient population.Recent surveys have shown widespread lapses in the procedures used to reduce the risk of transmitting infection via medical devices. Transvaginal ultrasound examination has the potential to transmit vaginal infections, including human papillomavirus (HPV). Areas of particular concern are the use of probe covers with high rates of leakage, use of disinfectants that are not effective against HPV, and use of coupling gel from multiple-use containers. We review these issues and recommend four steps to reduce the risk of transmitting infection. First, during every transvaginal ultrasound exam, the probe should be covered with a sterile, single-use "viral barrier" cover or a condom. Second, sterile, single-use ultrasound gel packets should be used. Third, after every examination, the probe should be cleaned to remove any visible gel or debris. Fourth, after cleaning, the probe should undergo high-level disinfection using an agent with proven efficacy against HPV, including hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, or peracetic acid. Glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde, phenols, and isopropyl alcohol have virtually no efficacy against HPV.Background A majority of women in the United States with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) do not undergo the recommended 4-12 week post-partum glucose tolerance test (GTT). Objective To compare the diagnostic value of the 2-day postpartum GTT during the delivery hospitalization to the 4-12 week post-partum GTT in identifying impaired glucose metabolism 1 year post-partum STUDY DESIGN Post-partum women who delivered at one hospital between January 2017 and July 2018 were offered enrollment in a prospective cohort if they had GDM diagnosed by Carpenter Coustan criteria or a 1-hour glucose challenge test >200 mg/dl, spoke English or Spanish, and planned to remain in-hospital until at least 2 days post-partum. Participating women underwent a 75-gram 2-hour GTTs on post-partum day 2 and were incentivized to have a 4-12 week GTT and measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c) 1 year post-partum. Participants and providers were blinded to the 2-day post-partum results. The diagnostic value of an abnormal 2-dafference in the 2-day compared to the 4-12 week GTT for identifying diabetes at one year post-partum. Both the 2 day and 4-12 week GTTs had similar ROC curves for identifying impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes at 1 year post-partum. Conclusion GTTs 2 days post-partum have similar diagnostic value as 4-12 weeks post-partum GTTs for predicting impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes 1 year post-partum and are associated with nearly 100% adherence to the test. Thus, changing the timing of the GTT should be considered.Plant-based ingredients are successfully replacing fishmeal in fish feeds. However, this practice increases the risk of feed contamination by mycotoxins that reduce production and heath associated with oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether feed contaminated with environmentally relevant concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) causes muscle oxidative damage in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and to determine whether this feed impairs fatty acid profiles in fish meat. Final mean weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate were significantly lower in fish fed 1.6 and 2.4 mg OTA/kg compared to those fed basal diet, while feed conversion was significantly higher in these same groups compared to the basal group. Levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in muscle were significantly higher in fish fed 1.6 and 2.4 mg OTA/kg compared to those in the basal group. Fingolimod Likewise, muscle superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly higher in fish fed 1.6 and 2.4 mg OTA/kg then in those fed basal feed. The total content of saturated fatty acids was significantly higher, and total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower in fish fed 2.4 mg OTA/kg compared to those fed basal feed. Taken together, the data suggest that OTA-contaminated feed induces oxidative damage and disturbs enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses in tambaqui meat. The perturbations of fatty acid profiles in fish meat appears to mediated by oxidative damage, representing negative impact on fish health and presenting concerns for consumers of fish.
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