Notes

Relative metabolomics as well as bacterial communities related system analysis of monochrome horse- sourced koumiss.
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health problem affecting women of reproductive age and some young women use oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) to prevent unwanted pregnancy. However, the association between OCP use and the experience of symptoms of PMS has not been studied in Cameroon. We examined the association between the use of OCPs and PMS among female university students in Cameroon.

we used data extracted from a larger study on sexual and reproductive health that was conducted between July and August 2018 among female university students at the University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. A pre-tested, validated and paper-based self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. We extracted data (demographic and health characteristics, contraceptive use and experience of PMS) for the 424 sexually active students who participated in the larger study. We used Poisson regression analysis to examine the association between OCP use and PMS and conducted stratified analysis to determine effect modifprior to their last menstrual period was high. The use of OCPs was positively associated with the risk of developing symptoms of PMS and this relationship was modified by age. Further studies in Cameroon and other sub-Saharan African countries are required to understand this relationship.
the proportion of female university students who reported to have experienced symptoms of PMS prior to their last menstrual period was high. The use of OCPs was positively associated with the risk of developing symptoms of PMS and this relationship was modified by age. Further studies in Cameroon and other sub-Saharan African countries are required to understand this relationship.The food enzyme α-amylase (1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) is produced with the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain DP-Dzb45 by Danisco US Inc. The production strain of the food enzyme contains multiple copies of an antimicrobial resistance gene. However, based on the absence of viable cells and DNA from the production organism in the food enzyme, this was not considered to be a risk. The α-amylase is intended to be used in brewing processes and distilled alcohol production. Since residual amounts of the food enzyme are removed by distillation, no dietary exposure was calculated for this intended use. Based on the maximum use levels recommended for the brewing processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.138 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Toxicological tests with the food enzyme indicated that there was no concern with respect to genotoxicity or systemic toxicity. A no observed adverse effect level was identified in rats, which, compared with the dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 484. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and one match was found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions can be excluded in distilled alcohol production but cannot be excluded when the enzyme is used in brewing. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.Advances in molecular and synthetic biology are enabling the engineering of gene drives in insects for disease vector/pest control. Engineered gene drives (that bias their own inheritance) can be designed either to suppress interbreeding target populations or modify them with a new genotype. Depending on the engineered gene drive system, theoretically, a genetic modification of interest could spread through target populations and persist indefinitely, or be restricted in its spread or persistence. While research on engineered gene drives and their applications in insects is advancing at a fast pace, it will take several years for technological developments to move to practical applications for deliberate release into the environment. Some gene drive modified insects (GDMIs) have been tested experimentally in the laboratory, but none has been assessed in small-scale confined field trials or in open release trials as yet. There is concern that the deliberate release of GDMIs in the environment may have possibles needed for GDMIs.The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State the Netherlands for the pesticide active substance Beauveria bassiana strain 203 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Beauveria bassiana strain 203 as an insecticide on Phoenix canariensis (field use, indoor and greenhouse applications) and Phoenix dactylifera (field use) in southern Europe. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) produced by chemical synthesis as a feed additive for all animal species. The applicant has provided data demonstrating that the additive in the market complies with the conditions of the authorisation. The FEEDAP Panel confirms that the use of pyridoxine hydrochloride under the current authorised conditions of use is safe for the target species, the consumers and the environment. Dansylcadaverine mw Pyridoxine hydrochloride is non-irritant to skin and eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. It may cause photosensitisation. In the absence of inhalation toxicity studies, adverse effects in the respiratory tract cannot be fully excluded. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.
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