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etic evaluation showed that the AR gene mutation was not associated with recurrent miscarriage.Endometriosis is an invasive but benign disease of women that develops in endometrial glands outside the endometrium and uterine muscle. It affects about 15-20% of women of childbearing age. One effective way to treat endometriosis is to use GnRH agonists, which inhibit estrogen production. However, one of the possible side effects of this treatment is obesity and BMI increasing, which is a concern for some patients. This study investigated the role of leuprolide acetate in treating overweight patients (BMI≥30) and their comparison with non-overweight patients (BMI less then 30) for six months. Also, the effect of this medicine was evaluated on the expression of the MIF gene, which is an effective gene in obesity. For this purpose, a clinical trial was performed on 75 women with endometriosis aged 18 to 35 years. These patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 38 patients with BMI less then 30. The second group consisted of 37 patients with BMI≥30. Both groups were treated with leuprprolide acetate. This increase was statistically significant in the second group (P = 0.042). Generally, it was found that this medication causes more weight gain in obese people and increases the risk of obesity-related diseases among these patients. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment be used with caution in obese patients with endometriosis.Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacterium that causes pneumococcal disease which often results in pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, septicemia and sinusitis. Pneumonia, particularly, is a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and a global health burden as well. Treatment often relies on antimicrobials, to which the pathogen is frequently mutating and rendering infective. Consequently, vaccination is the most effective approach in dealing with pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Unfortunately, the current pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines have a narrow serotype coverage. Therefore, the current need for vaccines with a broader serotype coverage cannot be overstated. Pneumococcal Surface Protein A and C are potential vaccine candidate antigens present in over 90% of the strains from clinical isolates as well as laboratory non-encapsulated strains. Pneumococcal Surface Protein A is an active virulent factor that pneumococci use to evade complement-mediated host immune responses and has been shown to elicit immune responses against pneumococcal infections. This review explores the potential utilization of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A to immunize against S. pneumoniae.Helicobacter pylori bacterium is one of the most common bacterial infections globally and is the leading cause of indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. This bacterium can escape the antibacterial effects of stomach acid by adapting to the inner layers of the stomach. It combines with the natural sugars in the gastric mucosa. The compound is so effective that it makes bacterium resistant. For genes related to the pathogenesis of H. pylori, using the existence of genes such as cagA, hopQI, and hopQII, PCR is performed on some of these genes to amplify fragments of different lengths. One of the less-studied cases is that two or more pathogenic genes are simultaneously associated with H. pylori. This study examined the frequency of diseases and healthy individuals infected with H. pylori and cagA and hopQII genotypes. To diagnose H. pylori infection in healthy and stomach cancer patients, the PCR products are electrophoresed on the agarose gel after glmM gene amplification by PCR. To this aim, stomach tissue biopsies were used for patients, and saliva was used for healthy individuals. For this purpose, 150 gastric biopsy samples from stomach cancer patients and 150 saliva samples from healthy people were collected. Data showed a significant relationship between the coexistence of two genes, cagA and hopQII, and stomach cancer. 34.2% of patients and 10.1% of healthy individuals showed two genotypes, while other healthy people (89.9%) infected with H. pylori did not have this genotype. Therefore, the simultaneous presence of these two bacterial genes in human societies can be an essential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.Pediatric allergic asthma is a chronic disease that affects the lungs and airways. If a child is exposed to certain stimulants such as pollen inhalation, colds, or respiratory infections, the lungs become inflamed and if left untreated can lead to dangerous asthma attacks. One of the most important treatments for this disease is the use of leukotriene modulators, such as montelukast. But recently, due to easier access, cheaper prices and fewer side effects, attention has shifted to non-chemical treatments. Gan-Cao (Glycyrrhizae uralensis), as traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to have a good therapeutic effect on experimental allergic asthma. But its anti-asthma mechanism is currently unclear. Therefore, the study aimed the comparison between the effect of Gan-Cao and montelukast on the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 genes in children with allergic asthma. For this purpose, fifty children with allergic asthma were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with montelukast for one month. The second group was treated with Gan-Cao root extract. Then the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, their RNA was extracted, and the relative expression of T-bet and GATA3 transcription factors was evaluated by Real-time PCR. The relationship between them and risk factors for asthma was assessed by relevant statistical tests. The result showed the expression of the GATA3 gene (P = 0.102), T-bet gene (P = 0.888), and the expression ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 genes (P = 0.061) was not significantly different between the two groups. It showed that Gan-Cao can affect the expression of these genes just as much as montelukast. Therefore, this Chinese herb can be used as an alternative or supplement medicine to treat allergic asthma in children.The increase in the rate of inflammation in the post-menopause period also leads to a significant increase in the use of anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BA supplementation on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in ovariectomy (OVX) induced rats. A total of 48 nonpregnant female Wistar albino rats (80-100 g) were used in the experiment. Forty-eight rats were divided into six equal groups (n=8) Control, OVX, OVX+5 mg/kg BA (OVX+BA5), OVX+10 mg/kg BA (OVX+BA10), 5 mg/kg BA (BA5), 10 mg/kg BA (BA10). Serum TNF-α cytokine levels of rats in the OVX group were higher than in control rats (P less then 0.05). TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the OVX-induced rats with 5 mg/kg BA and 10 mg/kg BA supplementation (P less then 0.05). While serum IL-1α and IL-6 levels were not different between OVX and control rats, serum IL-3 levels were low (P less then 0.05) and not affected by 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BA supplementation. Serum IL-11 levels increased significantly in the OVX rats with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg BA supplementation (P less then 0.05). As far as we know, certain doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of BA are the first study on the prevention of increased inflammation in rats induced by OVX. Results suggest that the supplementation of BA regulates the inflammatory changes associated with OVX and thus has beneficial for menopause management.Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3k), which regulates various cellular signaling pathways, is often elevated in human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the PI3k gene in breast cancer. In this case-control study, 40 paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer and 40 adjacent non-tumor tissues were examined. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the relative expression of the gene was obtained using the real-time-PCR method and evaluated by the 2-ΔΔCT method. Also, the association of gene expression with clinical factors and survival rate was investigated. selleck chemicals llc Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 22), t-test, and ANOVA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that PI3k expression was significantly increased in breast tumor tissues compared to non-tumor tissues (p = 0001). Consistent with these results, PI3k expression was associated with metastasis (p = 0.008) and high tumor grade (p = 0.01). In addition, increasing PI3k expression decreased overall survival compared to its low expression (p = 0.03). In general, PI3k plays a tumor-enhancing role in the progression of breast cancer. In addition, increased PI3k expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer, so that PI3k may be useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of people with the disease. However, further investigation is needed to substantiate this claim.Fever is a common symptom of infection in children. Periodic fever syndromes are less common but more complex. One of these Periodic fever syndromes is PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis) syndrome which is known as the most benign syndromes. The cause of this disease is unknown. Various factors, including environmental and genetic factors, are involved in the development of this disease. In this study, the association of rs13075270 and rs13092160 polymorphisms were investigated in CCR1 and CCR3 genes with susceptibility to this syndrome in the Chinese population. In this regard, 38 patients with PFAPA syndrome and 100 healthy individuals were selected. After DNA sampling and extraction, polymorphisms of CCR1 and CCR3 receptor genes were examined by the PCR-RFLP method. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 with a significant level of P less then 0.05. The frequency of T/T genotype rs13092160 polymorphism in the patient and control groups was 78.95% and 83%, respectively, C/T genotype was 21.05% and 17% (P = 0.421). The frequency of the C/C genotype was 0 in both groups. Regarding rs13075270 polymorphism, the frequency of T/T genotype in patient and control groups was 15.79% and 81%, C/T genotype was 78.95% and 18% and C/C genotype was 5.26% and 1%, respectively (P less then 0.05). Thus, in rs13075270 polymorphism, the C/T genotype was associated with the risk of PFAPA syndrome (P less then 0.05), but rs13092160 polymorphism did not show a significant difference between individuals with PFAPA syndrome and controls.Endometriosis is a gynecological disease that endometrial cells develop outside the uterus. This event happens when the endometrial glands grow outside the endometrium and uterine muscles, especially in the pelvis. Although endometriosis is widespread, the clinical manifestations of the disease are very different, and it is challenging to adapt to the conventional classification system to divide patients into homogeneous groups. Given the importance of endometriosis, a correct, accurate, and timely diagnosis of this disease can significantly prevent its complications. Using health-related software is one of these ways. Enhanced Endometriosis Archiving Software (ENEAS) is a web-based application based on one of the most widely used open-source database management systems (MySQL), allowing the direct link to other open-source software for data management and storage. In the current study, the effect of ENEAS application was considered in patients with endometriosis, and its influence on IL-8 and MCP-1 gene expression was evaluated.
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