Notes

Age results in saccadic suppression involving luminance as well as shade.
Computerized surgical planning for forearm procedures that considers both soft and bony tissue, requires alignment of preoperatively acquired computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images by image registration. Normalized mutual information (NMI) registration techniques have been researched to improve efficiency and to eliminate the user dependency associated with manual alignment. While successfully applied in various medical fields, the application of NMI registration to images of the forearm, for which the relative pose of the radius and ulna likely differs between CT and MR acquisitions, is yet to be described. To enable the alignment of CT and MR forearm data, we propose an NMI-based registration pipeline, which allows manual steering of the registration algorithm to the desired image subregion and is, thus, applicable to the forearm. Successive automated registration is proposed to enable planning incorporating multiple target anatomical structures such as the radius and ulna. With respect to gold-standard manual registration, the proposed registration methodology achieved mean accuracies of 0.08 ± 0.09 mm (0.01-0.41 mm range) in comparison with 0.28 ± 0.23 mm (0.03-0.99 mm range) associated with a landmark-based registration when tested on 40 patient data sets. Application of the proposed registration pipeline required less than 10 minutes on average compared with 20 minutes required by the landmark-based registration. The clinical feasibility and relevance of the method were tested on two different clinical applications, a forearm tumor resection and radioulnar joint instability analysis, obtaining accurate and robust CT-MR image alignment for both cases. © 2020 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Laboratory tasks used to elicit a cardiovascular stress response in the laboratory can involve either active or passive coping. However, in previous work, passive stress tasks often incorporate a distinct physical stress element, such as the handgrip or cold pressor task, meaning observed changes in cardiovascular parameters may be the result of the physical element of the stressor rather than truly reflecting psychological stress. The present study aimed to establish the validity of a psychological passive stressor; one more analogous to active tasks than those previously employed in laboratory studies. Twenty-six young, healthy adults completed a speech task in the laboratory following a resting baseline period. Twelve months later, they were invited back to the laboratory and watched the video recording of their speech. Analyses confirmed that while both tasks elicited significant SBP and DBP change (all ps less then .001), only the active task was associated with HR and CO reactivity (both ps less then .001), while only the passive task was associated with TPR reactivity (p = .028). Furthermore, the passive stressor was associated with a mixed hemodynamic profile, whereas the active stressor was associated with a clear myocardial profile. This study confirms that watching a video recording of oneself complete a speech task is associated with a more vascular response profile, a response associated with passive coping contexts. © 2020 Society for Psychophysiological Research.Limb contractures are debilitating complications associated with various muscle and nervous system disorders. This report summarizes presentations at a conference at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab in Chicago, Illinois, on April 19-20, 2018, involving researchers and physicians from diverse disciplines who convened to discuss current clinical and preclinical understanding of contractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, stroke, cerebral palsy, and other conditions. Presenters described changes in muscle architecture, activation, extracellular matrix, satellite cells, and muscle fiber sarcomeric structure that accompany or predispose muscles to contracture. Participants identified ongoing and future research directions that may lead to understanding of the intersecting factors that trigger contractures. These include additional studies of changes in muscle, tendon, joint, and neuronal tissues during contracture development with imaging, molecular, and physiologic approaches. Participants identified the requirement for improved biomarkers and outcome measures to identify patients likely to develop contractures and to accurately measure efficacy of treatments currently available and under development. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study used event-related potential (ERP) measurements to investigate whether error processing in a social context is modulated by top-down influence of deterministic thinking, i.e., subjective beliefs that events are pre-determined by previously existing causes. To this end, half of our participants were confronted with statements denying the existence of free will, aimed to induce more deterministic thinking, whereas the other half was assigned to a control group that read neutral statements. Thereafter, all participants performed a choice-reaction task for their own and for the benefit of a second participant. Error rates were comparable in both groups and benefit settings, while only control participants showed enhanced post-error slowing (PES) in other- compared to self-relevant trials. On the neural level, other-relevant errors elicited diminished early error signals (reduced ΔERN amplitudes) in deterministic-intervention participants compared to controls. In subsequent processing, ERPs of deterministic-intervention participants did not differentiate between the benefit settings, while controls showed reduced ΔPe amplitudes for others compared to self-relevant errors. Taken together, our findings suggest that being confronted with deterministic compared to control statements reduced subsequent processing differences between other- and self-relevant error processing. click here This might be beneficial in social evaluation or intergroup situations because it could decrease self-cenetred processing biases often observed in these situations. © 2020 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.
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