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Ultrasonography with the spinal cord and also the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto-occipital room inside goat.
92, NNFI = 0.95) were at desirable levels. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.90. According to item analysis results, item-total correlations ranged between 0.26 and 0.66. It was found that nurses' responses to the scale items at two different times were consistent and did not change over time (p > 0.05). Conclusions DSCS-N is a valid and reliable scale for measuring Turkish nurses' competency of developmental support. Practice implications DSCS-N can be used as a tool contributing to the implementation of developmental care. The scale can help nurses working in neonatal intensive care units to determine their competency of developmental care.Purpose This study was conducted to determine the health literacy and health promotion behaviors of adolescents. Design and methods This study used cross sectional and correlational design. The population of the study consisted of 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students from three different secondary schools selected from high, middle, and low income levels. The sample consisted of 2498 students. Results The mean score of the health literacy scale of the students was 30.26. The mean score of the adolescent health promotion scale was 143.75. The mean scores of health literacy and adolescent health promotion scores of the students in high income level, sixth grade, and have parents with a baccalaureate or graduate degree were significantly higher (p less then 0.005). A moderate positive correlation was found between the school age health literacy scale and the adolescent health promotion scale (p less then 0.001). Conclusions Adolescents' health literacy, and their health promotion behaviors were at moderate level. By integrating a basic health knowledge and healthy lifestyle behaviors course into the student curriculum, health literacy of the students could be increased. Practice implications The determination of health literacy and health promotion behaviors in adolescents by nurses in the schools will be a guide for the promotion of enhanced adolescent health.Objective To investigate the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and sleep disturbances by systematically reviewing the literature base and to quantify this association by conducting a meta-analysis. Method We did a systematic search of five databases- PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science - Core Collection, and Google Scholar. The primary outcomes were short sleep duration (SSD), poor sleep quality (PSQ), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Result Our systematic search yielded a total of 1623 studies. However, 12 studies qualified for qualitative synthesis and 11 studies (12 surveys) with adequate information were included in the meta-analysis involving 730,808 participants. click here All the studies were cross-sectional. We found an association between SHS exposure and SSD [pooled OR 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.33; p = 0.0003; I2= 68%), N = 7]; EDS [pooled OR 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%), N = 4]; and PSQ [pooled OR 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01-1.23; p = 0.03; I2 = 79%), N = 10]. Subgroup analyses suggest significant association between SHS exposure and PSQ among adolescents. However, no such association was observed among adults. In addition, no significant association was observed between PSQ and SHS exposure when biomarker was used to identify SHS exposure. Conclusion This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between SHS exposure and sleep outcomes. Self-reported exposure to SHS is positively associated with SSD, EDS, and PSQ, although the effects are modest. Further studies with robust methodology to ascertain exposure information are warranted to further elucidate the relationship between SHS exposure and sleep disturbances.Aims The aims of this survey were to evaluate the percentage of French clinical trial funders with a data sharing policy, to describe their data sharing policies and, more generally, the transparency of the research they fund. Methods The different funders of clinical trials in France have been identified from 3 lists of tenders for clinical research projects the internal list of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Rennes, the list of the Interregional Group for Clinical Research and Innovation (GIRCI EST), the list of the portal for calls for projects in health research. Funders were contacted, first by email and then by phone (at least two email and/or phone reminders) to respond to an online survey via Google form. The questionnaire aimed to assess the existence of a sharing policy or not, as well as the way in which it was set up. Results Out of 190 funders contacted, 94 did not respond. Sixty-five of the respondents were excluded because they did not fund clinical trials. Of the 31 funders included (haring policy remain an exception in France.Thermo-sensitive polymer-modified liposomes are able to achieve site-specific delivery of drugs. In this work, thermo-sensitive polymers were synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAAm) using bromoisobutyryl distearoyl phosphoethanolamine (DSPE-Br) as initiator. The resulting PNIPAAm-DSPE and P(NIPAAm-DMAAm)-DSPE polymers were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. PNIPAAm-DSPE and P(NIPAAm-DMAAm)-DSPE exhibit a lower critical solution temperature of 34.0 and 46.9 °C in water, and 29.8 and 38.8 °C in phosphate buffered saline, respectively. Paclitaxel-loaded thermo-sensitive liposomes were prepared using film hydration method, followed by post-insertion of P(NIPAAm-DMAAm)-DSPE into the liposome bilayer. Drug release of traditional and thermosensitive liposomes was comparatively studied at 37 and 40°C. The total release and release rate of thermosensitive liposomes at 40°C were much higher than those at 37°C. And drug release is higher for thermosensitive liposomes than for traditional liposomes because insertion of thermo-sensitive polymer chains affects the system's stability. MTT assay showed that thermo-sensitive liposomes present no cytotoxicity to L929 cells at the tested concentrations, and paclitaxel-loaded liposomes have significant cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cells. Therefore, it is concluded that P(NIPAAm-DMAAm)-DSPE modified thermo-sensitive liposomes could be promising as nano-carrier of antitumor drugs.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sarcopenic obesity on activities of daily living and home discharge rates in adults undergoing convalescent rehabilitation. In addition, we evaluated diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity to predict outcomes. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting and participants In total, 971 Japanese patients in a post-acute rehabilitation hospital between 2014 and 2016. Methods Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using muscle mass index and handgrip strength according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, with the cut-off values of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Obesity was diagnosed exploratively using several definitions percentage of body fat (FAT%), body mass index (>25 kg/m2), and fat mass index (4th quartile). Study outcomes included Functional Independence Measure-motor efficacy (score gain between admission and discharge divided by the length of stay) and the rate of home discharge. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether sarcopenic obesity was associated with outcomes and which obesity definition was suitable for outcome prediction. P values of 30% in women and men, respectively, in defining obesity in this population.Objective Vocal performance students at the collegiate level are faced with rigorous training protocols for which they are required to maintain optimal vocal quality and function. The purpose of this study was to compare the vocal habits and hygiene practices of incoming undergraduate Bachelor of Music (BM), Master of Music (MM), Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), and Artist Diploma (AD) vocal performance students at a tier I music conservatory. To date, no study has compared the reported vocal habits of undergraduate and graduate vocal performance students within the same music conservatory. Methods Two-hundred and eighty six incoming vocal performance majors including undergraduate (n = 79), graduate master's candidates (n = 171), and graduate doctoral/AD candidates (n = 36) at the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music over a period of 9 years (2008-2017) completed a questionnaire designed to gain information about their baseline vocal patterns and hygiene practices. The intake form included queudents, and 44.4% of graduate doctoral/artist diploma students stated at least one current voice issue or adverse symptom. The findings indicate that there is no significant difference regarding level of education in relation to percentage of subjects that reported at least one current adverse vocal symptom, current voice problem, and/or reported negative hygiene practice. The information provided in this study may be beneficial for those who are vocal performers as well as those involved in the training of collegiate-level vocal performance students.Introduction Trauma centres are required to continuously measure, evaluate and improve care. Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients are highly susceptible to adverse events (AE; unintended, potentially harmful events resulting from health care) due to their unstable condition requiring high risk interventions, multiple medications and invasive monitoring. Objectives were to describe (1) a process for identifying AE in pediatric sTBI patients to identify safety risks, target and implement evidence-based prevention strategies; and (2) a tertiary care PICU's sTBI AE experience. Methods Merging databases, Trauma Registry with Adverse Events Management System, identified AE in patients. Details on the event location, type and severity of harm were combined with patient demographics, injury data, costs and outcomes in a cohort of 193 PICU sTBI patients (2000-15). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken to describe AE, and their association with risk factors and outcomes. Results 103/193 sTBI patients (53%) suffered at least one AE. 238 AE occurred (1.23 AE/patient), with 30% of patients having 2+ AE. Most resulted in no harm (54%) with decubitus ulcers (15%) the most common AE. AE patients were more likely to be monitored for elevated ICP (p less then 0.001), with fewer ventilator-free days (p=0.015), longer LOS for PICU (11 vs. 3.5 days; p less then 0.001) and in-hospital (31 vs. 11 days; p less then 0.001) with higher median costs ($121,234 vs. $53,341; p=0.031). AE patients required a higher level of care on discharge (p=0.035). Conclusions Merging databases is an effective practice to identify AE and safety risks in trauma populations. Utilizing this method, a PICU AE rate of 1.23 events per patient was found with TBI severity the most important factor to increase the odds of AE. AE represent performance improvement events, opportunities to optimize care, decrease costs, as well as improve outcomes, to ultimately improve patient safety in this vulnerable population.
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