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This information will be combined with workspace data collected using floor plans, photographs and a qualitative assessment of the working environment completed by the observer. Analysis will include heat-mapped floor plans visually highlighting pharmacist movements. DISCUSSION Pharmacists may provide solutions to the strained health workforce and system. There is limited quantitative evidence on whether pharmacists have the time or work setting to support such needs. The use of time and motion methodology is novel to Australian community pharmacy research, and the findings will provide a better understanding of pharmacists' capacity and work environment. © 2020 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.The chromane nucleus is common to a plenum of bioactive small molecules where it is frequently oxidized at position 3. Motivated by the importance of this position in conferring efficacy, and the prominence of bioisosterism in drug discovery, an I(I)/I(III) catalysis strategy to access enantioenriched 3-fluorochromanes is disclosed (up to 793 e.r. ). In situ generation of ArIF 2 enables the direct fluorocyclization of allyl phenyl ethers to generate novel scaffolds that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect. Mechanistic interrogation using deuterated probes confirms a stereospecific process consistent with a type II inv pathway. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Increased antimicrobial resistance is a problem in managing urinary tract infections (UTI). With this study, we assessed the resistance patterns of urinary isolates in children with UTI between January 2017 and January 2018. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Among 5443 isolates, a total of 776 UTI episodes in 698 patients were included. Patients' gender, age, voiding dysfunction, UTI history, prophylaxis status and presence of vesicoureteral reflux were noted. Patients were divided into three age groups group 1; ≤12 months, group 2; 13-60 months and group 3; >60 months. Susceptibilities of etiologic agents to different antimicrobials were explored. RESULTS Median age was 54 months (range 1 month-21 years), male to female ratio 15. The most common causative agent was E.coli (83% of the cases), followed by K.pneumonia (7.5%). Resistance to ampicillin (62.6%) and co-trimoxazole (39.8%) were remarkable in all isolates. Overall extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity was 23.5%. Highest resistance rates, higher ESBL positivity (28.6%) and K.pneumonia frequency (13.5%) were observed in group 1. Ceftriaxone resistance was significantly low (0.5%) in the ESBL (-) group which constituted the majority of the isolates. Higher resistance rates were observed among the patients on prophylaxis compared to those off-prophylaxis (p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Ceftriaxone can still be used for empirical treatment however initial urine culture results are crucial due to high ESBL positivity. Special consideration must be taken for patients under 1 year of age. Periodical surveillance studies are needed to explore the changing resistance patterns of uropathogens and modify treatment plans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The in situ application of iChip cultivation in mangrove sediment from Hainan province, China, led to the isolation of a novel bacterial species Gallaecimonas mangrovi HK-28. The extract of G. mangrovi HK-28 exhibited antibiotic activity against the aquatic pathogen Vibrio harveyi, and its chemical constituents were further investigated by bioactivity-guided isolation. Three new diketopiperazines, gallaecimonamides A-C (1-3), were accordingly isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of G. mangrovi HK-28. The planar structures of 1-3 were determined using HRESIMS together with 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were assigned by optical rotation, NOESY experiment and TDDFT ECD calculations. The in vitro antibacterial and antimalarial activities of 1-3 were assessed. Compound 1 was found to display antibacterial activity against V. harveyi with a MIC value of 50 μM. However, 2 and 3 showed no antibacterial activity against V. VB124 cost harveyi (MIC > 300 μM). In addition, all the isolates did not exhibit any inhibitory activities against V. parahaemolyticus (MIC > 300 μM) and Plasmodium falciparum W2 (EC50 > 100 μg/mL). © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES Although the hepatomitogenic activity of triiodothyronine (T3) is well established, the wide range of harmful effects exerted by this hormone precludes its use in liver regenerative therapy. Selective agonists of the beta isoform of thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ) do not exhibit T3-induced cardiotoxicity and show a good safety profile in patients with NASH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two novel TRβ agonists, the prodrug TG68 and the active compound IS25 could stimulate hepatocyte proliferation without T3/TRα-dependent side effects. METHODS Rats were treated with three different doses (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/100 g body weight) for one week. Hepatocyte proliferation, liver injury and serum biochemical parameters were measured by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Both drugs increased hepatocyte proliferation as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (from 14% to 28% vs 5% of controls) and mitotic activity. Enhanced proliferation occurred in the absence of significant signs of liver injury as shown by lack of increased serum transaminase levels or of apoptosis. No cardiac or renal hypertrophy typically associated with treatment with T3 was observed. VB124 cost Importantly, no proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, such as that seen after administration of T3 or the TRβ agonist GC1 was detected following either TG68 or IS25, demonstrating the hepato-specificity of these novel TRβ agonists. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that TG68 and IS25 induce massive hepatocyte proliferation without overt toxicity. Hence, these agents may have a significant clinical application for regenerative therapies in liver transplantation or other surgical settings. © 2020 The Authors. Cell Proliferation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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