Notes

'Black African' identification along with the COVID-19 pandemic in great britan: A web site for sociological, honourable and also policy controversy.
Focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal (FUSIN) delivery is a recently proposed technique that bypasses the blood-brain barrier to achieve noninvasive and localized brain drug delivery. The goal of this study was to characterize FUSIN drug delivery outcome in mice with regard to its dependency on several critical experimental factors, including the time interval between IN administration and FUS sonication (Tlag1), the FUS pressure, and the time for sacrificing the mice post-FUS (Tlag2). Wild-type mice were treated by FUSIN delivery of near-infrared fluorescent dye-labeled bovine serum albumin (800CW-BSA, used as a model agent). 800CW-BSA was intranasally administered to the mice in vivo, followed by intravenous injection of microbubbles and FUS sonication at the brainstem. Fluorescence imaging of ex vivo mouse brain slices was used to quantify the delivery outcomes of 800CW-BSA. Major organs, along with the nasal tissue and trigeminal nerve, were harvested to assess the biodistribution of 800CW-BSA. The delivery outcome of 800CW-BSA was the highest at the brainstem when Tlag1 was 0.5 h, which was on average 24.5-fold, 5.4-fold, and 21.6-fold higher than those of the IN only, Tlag1 = 1.5 h, and Tlag1 = 4.0 h, respectively. The FUSIN delivery outcome at the lowest pressure level, 0.43 MPa, was on average 1.8-fold and 3.7-fold higher than those at 0.56 MPa and 0.70 MPa, respectively. The mean concentration of 800CW-BSA in the brainstem after FUSIN delivery decreased from 0.5 h to 4.0 h post-FUS. The accumulation of 800CW-BSA was low in the heart, lung, spleen, kidneys, and liver, but high in the stomach and intestines. read more This study revealed the unique characteristics of FUSIN as a noninvasive, efficient, and localized brain drug delivery technique.
The aim of this study was to 1) explore older patients' knowledge, skills and behavior in relation to nutrition and 2) achieve an understanding of older patients' experiences, understanding and attitudes towards management of nutritional needs.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. The Readiness and Enablement Index for Health Technology (READHY) instrument was used as a framework.

Two hospital units specialized in internal medicine located at two university hospitals in Copenhagen.

Patients (N=25) age 65≥years and admitted to hospital for medical treatment.

The informants' knowledge, behavior and attitude towards nutrition was influenced by their experience of food as an everyday phenomenon but less so by the experience of nutrition as important for their well-being and health. Three themes were identified 1) Food - an everyday phenomenon; 2) Habits and preferences and 3) When food becomes nutrition.

Older, ill patients have limited knowledge about specific needs for energy and protein and the importance of nutrition for their physical functioning. They have potential resources and competencies which can positively impact and be utilized in nutritional interventions. Social interaction, the pleasurable experience of eating well-prepared food, and daily routines facilitate their nutritional intake.
Older, ill patients have limited knowledge about specific needs for energy and protein and the importance of nutrition for their physical functioning. They have potential resources and competencies which can positively impact and be utilized in nutritional interventions. Social interaction, the pleasurable experience of eating well-prepared food, and daily routines facilitate their nutritional intake.The alarming rise in obesity and relative lack of pharmacotherapies to treat, what is becoming a global epidemic, has necessitated that an increasing number of bariatric procedures be performed. Several surgical techniques have been developed during the last 50 years and the advent of laparoscopic surgery has increased the safety and efficacy of these procedures. Bariatric surgery is by a substantial margin, the most efficacious means of achieving sustained weight loss maintenance in patients with obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) elicits the most favourable metabolic outcomes with attendant benefits for type 2 diabetes and, cardiovascular disease as well as endocrine disorders and cancers in females. RYGB is the most extensively studied bariatric procedure regarding mechanism of action. In this review we catalogue the multiple alterations in secretion of gut hormones (ghrelin, obestatin, cholecystokinin, GLP-1, PYY, GIP, oxyntomodulin, glicentin and GLP-2) occurring after RYGB and summarise evidence indicating that these changes play a role in the reduction of food intake and improvements in glucose homeostasis.Engineering protein and peptide-based materials for drug delivery applications has gained momentum due to their biochemical and biophysical properties over synthetic materials, including biocompatibility, ease of synthesis and purification, tunability, scalability, and lack of toxicity. These biomolecules have been used to develop a host of drug delivery platforms, such as peptide- and protein-drug conjugates, injectable particles, and drug depots to deliver small molecule drugs, therapeutic proteins, and nucleic acids. In this review, we discuss progress in engineering the architecture and biological functions of peptide-based biomaterials -naturally derived, chemically synthesized and recombinant- with a focus on the molecular features that modulate their structure-function relationships for drug delivery.More than 10 years after the Paediatric Regulation came into place there is still a strong need for paediatric medicines for off-patent drug substances. Numerous compounds for which a paediatric formulation does not exist can be found on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children and in the EMA Inventory of the Needs for Paediatric Medicines. Many of these compounds are off patent, which offers the opportunity for obtaining marketing authorisations for paediatric use. The present study focused on the development of paediatric immediate-release mini-tablet formulations for furosemide. Essential formulation criteria included the use of excipients that are regarded as safe for children, the ease of manufacturing, a high dose flexibility, fast disintegration, a robust drug release and a good acceptability. Only excipients regarded as safe for use in children were used in formulation screening. Compressibility, tablet hardness, disintegration and palatability were the main screening parameters. Formulations with a hardness of > 20 N, a disintegration time less then 3 min (fast disintegration) and a good palatability were selected for mini-tablet production.
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