Notes

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Little is known about the association between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the level and content of primary care delivery in the US.

To quantify national changes in the volume, type, and content of primary care delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially with regard to office-based vs telemedicine encounters.

Analysis of serial cross-sectional data from the IQVIA National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a 2-stage, stratified nationally representative audit of outpatient care in the US from the first calendar quarter (Q1) of 2018 to the second calendar quarter (Q2) of 2020.

Visit type (office-based or telemedicine), overall and stratified by patient population and geographic region; assessment of blood pressure or cholesterol measurement; and initiation or continuation of prescription medications.

In the 8 calendar quarters between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, between 122.4 million (95% CI, 117.3-127.5 million) and 130.3 million (95% CI, 124.7-135.9 million) q.001; 13.5% vs 21.6% for cholesterol; P < .001). New medication visits in Q2 of 2020 decreased by 26.0% (14.1 million visits) from Q2 2018-2019 levels. Telemedicine adoption occurred at similar rates among White individuals and Black individuals (19.3% vs 20.5% of patient visits, respectively, in Q1/Q2 of 2020), varied by region (low of 15.1% of visits [East North Central region], high of 26.8% of visits [Pacific region]), and was not correlated with regional COVID-19 burden.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with changes in the structure of primary care delivery, with the content of telemedicine visits differing from that of office-based encounters.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with changes in the structure of primary care delivery, with the content of telemedicine visits differing from that of office-based encounters.
Cigarette smoking has been associated with risk of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease. The association between smoking and biomarkers of changes in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not fully understood.

To investigate the association of cigarette smoking with CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, oxidation, and neuroprotection.

In this case-control study of 191 adult men in China, biomarkers in the CSF of participants with and without significant cigarette exposure were examined. Opevesostat cell line Participants who did not smoke and had no history of substance use disorder or dependence were assigned to the nonsmoking group. The active smoking group included participants who consumed at least 10 cigarettes per day for 1 year. Five-milliliter samples of CSF were obtained from routine lumbar puncture conducted before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Data collection took place from September 2014 to January 2016, and analysis took place from January to February 2016.
found that cigarette smoking was associated with at-risk biomarkers for Alzheimer disease, as indicated by higher Aβ42 levels, excessive oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and impaired neuroprotection found in the CSF of participants in the active smoking group.
The association of patient desire to participate in health care decisions with care satisfaction is poorly understood. The contributions of such desire, expectations of care, and quality of care in assessing patient satisfaction are not known.

To investigate the association of hospitalized patients' desire to delegate decisions to their physician with care dissatisfaction.

Survey study in an academic research setting. As part of The University of Chicago Hospitalist Study, data were collected on 13 902 hospitalized patients admitted to the general internal medicine service of The University of Chicago Medical Center between July 1, 2004, and September 30, 2012, who answered an inpatient survey administered soon after the time of admission and a 30-day follow-up survey. The dates of analysis were January 2014 to June 2015.

Patient-reported preference to leave medical decisions to their physician (definitely agree or somewhat agree vs somewhat disagree or definitely disagree).

The main outcomes were p in diagnostic and management decisions to maximize patient satisfaction.
There is some support for the existence of genetic associations between adiposity and certain hepatobiliary diseases in Western populations. However, there is little evidence of such genetic associations in China, where the causes of these diseases may differ from those in Western populations and the mean body mass index (BMI) is much lower.

To compare the observational associations of BMI with hepatobiliary diseases and liver biomarkers with the genetic associations between BMI and these factors and to assess whether the genetic associations of BMI with liver diseases differed by hepatitis B virus infection status.

This cohort study used data from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank, including 473 938 adults aged 30 to 79 years without hepatobiliary diseases at baseline from 10 diverse areas in China from June 25, 2004, to July 15, 2008. A random sample of 75 736 participants with genotyping data was included in the Mendelian randomization analysis. Follow-up was completed January 1, 2017 (median [ihysical activity may help prevent hepatobiliary diseases.
Children with food allergies may develop asthma or recurrent wheeze.

To evaluate whether asthma or recurrent wheeze among children were changed by avoiding supplementing breastfeeding (BF) with cow's milk formula (CMF) in the first 3 days of life.

This randomized, unmasked, clinical trial was conducted at 1 university hospital in Japan beginning October 2013 with follow-up examinations occurring until January 2020. A total of 312 newborns at risk for atopy were randomized and assigned to either BF with or without amino acid-based elemental formula (EF) or BF with CMF, with follow-up examinations for participants showing signs of atopy conducted at 24 months. Follow-up examinations ran through January 2020.

Immediately after birth, newborns were randomly assigned (11 ratio) to either breastfeeding with or without amino acid-based elemental formula for at least the first 3 days of life (no CMF group) or breastfeeding supplemented with CMF (≥5 mL/d) from the first day of life to 5 months of age (CMF group).
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