Notes

Carried out missing correct superior vena cava together with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in the child together with Holt-Oram symptoms: Pain relievers and perfusion ramifications.
Also, the result showed a significantly increased odds of the low trough in the non-elderly group (OR 6, 95% CI 2.48 - 14.9, P 0.05). The current study indicated that vancomycin dosing errors were common in KAMC patients; thus, there is an unmet need to evaluate the causes of vancomycin abnormal trough level and optimize a strategy that would enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and minimize the potential toxicity.
Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer (BC), it is still associated with high mortality rates. New biomarkers are being developed for the diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of responses of BC. Ceramide (CER), a bioactive sphingolipid, has emerged recently as a useful diagnostic tool in several types of tumors. In this study, we evaluated CER expression in invasive BC and assessed its relation to the molecular subtypes of BC.

The clinical data and histopathological slides of 50 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were retrieved and reviewed. The cases were then stained with a mouse monoclonal anti-ceramide antibody. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between CER percentage and intensity and other clinical and pathological variables.

CER expression showed a direct relationship with estrogen and progesterone receptors Allred scores. However, it showed an inverse relation with tumor grade, HER2/neu status and Ki-67 index.

CER expression is likely to be associated with luminal BC molecular subtypes. check details However, more research is needed to confirm these results and to explore its relation to the different clinical outcomes, including response to treatment and prognosis.
CER expression is likely to be associated with luminal BC molecular subtypes. However, more research is needed to confirm these results and to explore its relation to the different clinical outcomes, including response to treatment and prognosis.
Potentially inappropriate psychotropic medications (PIPMs) prescribed to older adults with psychiatric disorders can inadvertently affect their health. The use of standards and guidelines can ensure prudent prescribing and minimize the risk of morbidities. This study assessed the pattern and prevalence of prescription of PIPMs to older individuals in outpatient psychiatric settings in Saudi Arabia, using the updated 2015 Beers criteria, as well as the probability of polypharmacy.

The study was conducted in the outpatient psychiatric clinics of the only psychiatric hospital in Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cross-sectional review of electronic medical records was undertaken during 2018 to assess PIPM use and psychotropic polypharmacy. Descriptive statistics were generated and associations between PIPM use and baseline characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.

Overall, 68% of 1300 older adults received PIPMs, and 77.7% were on psychotropic polypharmacy. Amitriptyline, chlorpromazine, and trifluoperazine were extensively prescribed. Paroxetine (1.2%) and benzodiazepines were prescribed to a smaller proportion of the patients. Elderly with schizophrenia (AOR=0.046, p<0.001) and anxiety (AOR=0.530, p=0.036) were significantly less likely to have PIPMs than those with dementia. Likewise, elderly with depression and anxiety were less likely to have psychotropic polypharmacy as compared to those with dementia.

A substantial number of the elderly received PIPMs possibly based on implicit criteria. It is therefore important to provide mental health care providers in the region with educational programs to increase their awareness of PIPMs.
A substantial number of the elderly received PIPMs possibly based on implicit criteria. It is therefore important to provide mental health care providers in the region with educational programs to increase their awareness of PIPMs.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an abnormal reflux of the gastric content into the esophagus. In Saudi Arabia the GERD prevalence is not recently well studied.

To investigate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and associated factors among attendants of primary health care centers (PHCCs) at Abha city, Saudi Arabia.

A descriptive cross- sectional study was performed using GerdQ as diagnostic tool for the GERD. The GerdQ consisted of six questions. Four questions were about the positive GERD predictors. The other two questions were about the negative GERD predictors. The scoring of GerdQ relies on the frequency of GERD symptoms during the last seven days. Using stratified random sample technique a representative sample was slected from the study PHCCs taking into conmsideration the relative catchment population in each center among adult males and females attending the selected PHCCs for any reason.

The present study included 320 persons. The study showed a prevalence of GERD of 67.8%. The prevalence of GERD with high impact on daily life (HIDL) was found to be 50%. By multiple logistic regression (enter method) only four significant independent factors associated with GERD were identified; being unmarried (aOR=1.85, 95% CI1.02-3.23); smoking (aOR=2.11, 95% CI 1.41-5.98), fast food intake (OR=1.28, 95% CI1.01-1.71), and subjective perception of stress (OR=3.0, 95% CI1.68-5.26).

GERD is a public health problem among adults in the region. Community level awareness programs are recommended. Healthcare providers must be aware of community perceptions and practices.
GERD is a public health problem among adults in the region. Community level awareness programs are recommended. Healthcare providers must be aware of community perceptions and practices.
To compare the results of conventional serological tests and molecular technology (NAT, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test), identify donors in the diagnostic window period, and determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among the samples of blood donors blocked by serological screening.

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing blood donor information contained in the database of 20 blood centers in Paraná, from January 2018 to December 2019.

A total of 1,496 blood bags were reactive for HBV, HCV, or HIV in serological and/or NAT tests. The 20th Regional Health (RH) Unit had the greatest number of unfit individuals with altered screening for the three infections, with a prevalence of 0.70%. The lowest number of blocked blood donors occurred in the 15th RH, with a prevalence of 0.08%. The highest prevalence of HBV occurred in the 8th RH, with a reagent serology of 0.34% and a positive NAT of 0.17%. For HCV, tbetween the methodologies used.The goal of this research was to prepare and characterize nanonized particles of the antifungal drug, fluconazole (FLZ) using antisolvent precipitation nanonization technique to improve its ocular permeation. The impact of various concentrations of different stabilizers, namely Pluronic F-127 (PL F 127), Kollicoat IR (KL), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E3 (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP), and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) upon the resulting nanoparticles was investigated. Additionally, the ex vivo release of the FLZ nanonized particles from ophthalmic gel bases was studied by using goat cornea, and the ocular pharmacokinetics of appropriate ophthalmic gel base containing optimized drug nanoparticle formula compared to the untreated drug were studied in rabbits. FLZ nanoparticles were successfully prepared with different concentrations of stabilizers. However, the effects of these stabilizers on nanoparticle size and zeta potential values varied according to the concentration and type of stabilizer used. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the drug was in its amorphous state in the tested nanoparticle formulations. The results of ex vivo ocular diffusion of the FLZ nanoparticle gel formulations revealed an improvement compared to that with the FLZ untreated gel. Nanoparticle formula (F3) prepared by using 5% PL F127 showed small particle size (352 ± 6.1 nm) with zeta potential value of -18.3 mV with highest ex vivo release rate from goat cornea (100% after 6 h). Moreover, the AUC0-8h from ocular application of FLZ from sodium alginate gel containing nanoparticle formula F3 was 1.4-fold higher than that after its administration in the untreated formula. Based on our findings, the ophthalmic gel formulations containing FLZ nanoparticles enhanced drug corneal permeation and improved the ocular pharmacokinetic parameters.Residues of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline in seafood products of Saudi Arabia were detected by using a simple, sensitive and rapid method via HPLC-PDA. The protein precipitation method that was used for sample extraction demonstrated high recoveries of OTC, TC and CTC. The limits of detection were 0.015 µg/g and 0.025,0.062 µg/g for all TCs in fish and shellfish, respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.125 µg/g and 0.175 µg/g for all TCs in fish and shellfish, respectively. The method was precise and accurate since the RSD was less than 2%, while the % recovery was 95-105%. This study determined the occurrence of OTC, TC and CTC in seafood products that are sold in KSA's markets. The overall occurrence of these three medications in 249 seafood products was 24%(n = 60), while 15%(n = 37) exceeded the MRL. Thus, our recommendations are to enhance the monitoring of food production prior to marketing and to educate people regarding the proper disposal of antibiotics.Traditional medicines implicate consumption of plant crude extracts, which may consist of extensive phytochemical diversity. Overall, the most biologically active extract of Peganum harmala (seeds) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on Artemia salina with LC50 value of 61.547 µg/mL, while P. harmala (roots) [LC50 = 124.229 µg/mL] and M. azedarach (fruits) [LC50 = 147.813 µg/mL] showed moderate cytotoxic potential. P. harmala (seeds) extract also showed the maximum antitumor potential with 52.278 µg/mL LC50. Branches of P. harmala and Morus alba were not active in both bioassays. These outcomes were further reinforced by the levels of phenolics and flavonoids checked against gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively, by standard curves. Current study aims to isolate, structurally characterize and analyze the bioactive compound from plant extracts by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Bioactivity guided isolation of extracts led to the isolation of PH-HM-16 from ethyl acetaardized or developed into pharmaceuticals for the chemoprevention and/or the treatment of certain types of cancer, especially as adjuvant phytotherapeutics in conventional chemotherapy.All physiological events in living organisms originated as specific chemical/biochemical signals on the cell surface and transmitted into the cytoplasm. This signal is translated within milliseconds-hours to a specific and unique order required to maintain optimum performance and homeostasis of living organisms. Examples of daily biological functions include neuronal communication and neurotransmission in the process of learning and memory, secretion (hormones, sweat, and saliva), muscle contraction, cellular growth, differentiation and migration during wound healing, and immunity to fight infections. Among the different transducers for such life-dependent signals is the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs constitute roughly 800 genes, corresponding to 2% of the human genome. While GPCRs control a plethora of pathophysiological disorders, only approximately one-third of GPCR families have been deorphanized and characterized. Recent drug data show that around 40% of the recommended drugs available in the market target mainly GPCRs.
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