Notes

[Comparison involving heart beat pressure variation, heart stroke volume variation, and plethysmographic variability index inside child fluid warmers sufferers considering craniotomy].
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes-and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface-is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae-the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations of their plastids, and HPLC-MS/MS-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8,905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and-corroborating our metabolomic data-amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that link environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Anthropogenic climate change alters seasonal conditions without altering photoperiod and can thus create a cue-environment mismatch for organisms that use photoperiod as a cue for seasonal plasticity. We investigated whether evolution of the photoperiodic reaction norm has compensated for this mismatch in Colias eurytheme. This butterfly's wing melanization has a thermoregulatory function and changes seasonally. In 1971, Hoffmann quantified how larval photoperiod determines adult wing melanization. We recreated his experiment 47 years later using a contemporary population. Comparing our results to his, we found decreased melanization at short photoperiods but no change in melanization at long photoperiods, which is consistent with the greater increase in spring than summer temperatures recorded for this region. Our study shows that evolution can help correct cue-environment mismatches but not in the same way under all conditions. Studies of contemporary evolution may miss important changes if they focus on only a limited range of conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed a genetic background in susceptibility to Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although several individual case-control studies have evaluated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene rs2476601 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in conferring a risk for RA, the results have been conflicting. Hence, this meta-analysis was conducted to come up a solution for this issue. METHODS In order to search for studies assessing the association between PTPN22 gene rs2476601 SNP and the risk of RA, a systematic search was conducted in the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science prior to December 2019. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the possibility of association risk. RESULTS The literature search identified 53 case-control studies. The pooled analysis detected significant positive association of rs2476601 in all genetic models, including dominant model (OR= 1.63, 95% CI= 1.47 - 1.79, P less then 0.001), recessive model (OR= 2.50, 95% CI= 2.06 - 3.05, P less then 0.001), allelic model (OR= 1.72, 95% CI= 1.53 - 1.94, P less then 0.001), TT vs. CC model (OR= 2.79, 95% CI= 2.28 - 3.41, P less then 0.001), and CT vs. CC model (OR= 1.58, 95% CI= 1.45 - 1.74, P less then 0.001). Analyses based on population stratification indicated that rs2476601 SNP strongly increased risk of RA in Caucasians and Africans under all genotype models. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis report that PTPN22 gene rs2476601 SNP increases RA risk, especially in Caucasians and Africans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE The present study focused on investigating levels of oxidative stress, neutrophil elastase (NE) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in oropharyngeal cancers (OC) with the presence and absence of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A healthy non-periodontitis group (H-NP)(n=20), a systemically healthy chronic periodontitis group (H-P)(n=20), a non-periodontitis group with OC (OC-NP)(n=12), and a chronic periodontitis group with OC (OC-P)(n=16) formed the study groups. The levels of NE and IGFBP7 were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva. In addition, oxidative status was determined by evaluating total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and OSI (TOS/TAS). RESULTS GCF NE was higher in all the groups compared to the H-NP group (p less then 0.01). Salivary NE was higher in the OC-P and H-P groups compared to the H-NP and OC-NP groups (p less then 0.05). Salivary IGFBP7 was significantly higher in the OC-NP and OC-P groups compared to the H-NP and H-P groups (p less then 0.001). GCF TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in all groups compared to the H-NP group (p less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GCF NE levels were lower in healthy conditions compared to periodontal disease and OC. Salivary NE levels were higher in periodontal disease compared to states with no periodontal disease. Salivary IGFBP7 levels were higher in OC. Further analyses may help determine whether high salivary IGFBP7 levels distinguish OC from healthy conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Phenolic compounds in pig diets, originating either from feed ingredients or additives, may occur as glycosides, that is conjugated to sugar moieties. Upon ingestion, their bioavailability and functionality depend on hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond by endogenous or microbial glycosidases. Hence, it is essential to map the glycosidase activities towards phenolic glycosides present along gut. Therefore, the activity of three key glycosidases, that is α-glucosidase (αGLU), β-glucosidase (βGLU) and β-galactosidase (βGAL), was quantified in small intestinal mucosa and digesta of piglets at different gastrointestinal sites (stomach, three parts of small intestine, caecum and colon) and at different ages around weaning (10 days before and 0, 2, 5, 14 and 28 days after weaning). Activity assays were performed with p-nitrophenyl glycosides at neutral pH. The αGLU activities in mucosa and digesta were low (overall means 1.4 and 60 U respectively) as compared to βGLU (15.2 and 199 U) and βGAL (23.4 and 298 U; p less ell Verlag GmbH.PURPOSE To investigate the impact of dual readout bandwidths (dBW) in a dual echo fat/water acquisition and describe a dBW-rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence where the concept is used to improve SNR by removing dead times between refocusing pulses and avoiding redundant Chemical-shift encoded. METHODS Cramér-Rao bounds and Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate a two-point fat/water model where the difference in bandwidths is incorporated. In vivo images were acquired at 1.5 and 3 T with the dBW-rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence. Typical bandwidth ratios were 12. SNR was compared with a single bandwidth sequence under identical scan parameters at 3T. RESULTS Monte Carlo simulations and Cramér-Rao analysis demonstrate that number of signal averages can be improved with dual bandwidths compared to conventional single bandwidth acquisitions. The dBW-rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence can acquire images with high readout resolutions with well-conditioned sampling. An SNR improvement of 52% was measured, in line with the theoretical gain of 54%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed dBW-rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence is a highly SNR-efficient two-point rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced, or turbo spin echo sequence without dead times, and can acquire images at higher resolutions than current vendor-supplied alternatives. © 2020 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. learn more on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.OBJECTIVES We investigate whether meta-data, specifically duration of responses to smartphone-delivered surveys, is correlated to elevated scores on the depression assessment PHQ-9 as well as the specific item around self-harm (item 9). METHODS In this observational study, we recruited 92 smartphone-owning adults (≥ 18) with schizophrenia (45) and healthy controls (43). We installed an open-source smartphone app called mindLAMP to collect survey results and latencies (response times) over a period of 3 months. Surveys were scheduled for twice a week, but participants were instructed to take the surveys naturally as much or as little as they wanted. A total of 1,218 PHQ-9 surveys were completed across all participants over 3 months. RESULTS A total of 75 participants (39 with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls) completed both the initial visit and follow-up, as well as provided at least one self-reported PHQ-9 survey through the app. We found that depression symptom severity and response latencies were correlated for both individuals with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .22, p = .037) and healthy controls (Spearman's ρ = .58, p  less then  .001). Participants with schizophrenia scored higher (more severe) and took longer for every item of the PHQ-9 when compared to controls (p  less then  .05 for each item). Item 9 response value and latency was slightly correlated for participants with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .086, p = .035) but was not significant for controls (Spearman's ρ = .036, p = .37). CONCLUSIONS Meta-data revealed group differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls based on individual depression symptoms completed on a smartphone. Correlation between suicide specific question latency and severity for participants with schizophrenia but not for controls indicates the clinical potential and need for further research. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The development of methods to pattern nanocrystals with different sizes and shapes remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a unique class of bottom-up approaches to assemble nanocrystals into patterns. Our approach for patterning nanocrystals focuses on the utilization and control of the chemical reaction of solvents surrounding nanocrystals. The photopolymerization of solvent molecules through a photomask creates time-dependent concentration gradients of the solvents. Dispersed nanocrystals such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) migrate and are gradually organized and integrated into the polymerizing films based on the concentration gradients. The AgNW-embedded film properties are determined by the organized AgNW structures and include light transmission and electrical conductivity. Overall, the demonstrated method is very simple, widely applicable to various nanocrystals and solvents, and can thus contribute to the development of a new class of nanocrystal patterning methods. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
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