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The Impact involving Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Percentage within COVID-19: A Systematic Evaluate and Meta-Analysis.
The in vitro bioavailability of iron was significantly higher in the plasma-treated fortified rice at both 1.35 and 7.5 pH than in the control sample, and plasma treatment significantly reduced the rate of oxidation of iron during storage.Heat treatments induce chemical/physical modifications, which may affect the stability to enzymatic digestion and consequently the allergenicity of food proteins to a varying extent, depending on the time/temperature regimen. Herein, we evaluated the stability to digestion of whole tree nut (walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds) allergens in a food digestion model reflecting the real one by, taking into consideration the allergen-containing processed (roasted) food. To this aim, whole raw and roasted tree nuts were subjected to in vitro digestion combining the harmonized oral-gastric-duodenal digestion models with brush border membrane enzymes (BBM) to simulate the jejunal degradation of peptides. The degradation of allergens was monitored by integrated proteomic/peptidomic and bio-informatic tools. Roasting increased digestibility of tree nuts, since very few peptides were detected in digested samples ( less then 6.5 kDa fraction). After BBM digestion step, the degradation of peptides was enhanced in roasted walnuts and hazelnuts compared to the raw counterpart. Conversely, almond allergens showed a different behaviour, since the presence of resistant peptides was more evident for roasted almonds, probably because of the hydrolysis of high molecular weight aggregates generated during roasting. #link# Our results provide new insight into the relationship between thermal processing and metabolic fate of tree nut allergens, highlighting the importance of investigating the digestion stability of whole allergenic food, rather than purified proteins.Nuts are considered highly nutritious foods and a source of health-promoting compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition (proximate composition, fatty acids, volatile compounds, total phenolics, squalene, and β-sitosterol) of eleven pecan cultivars harvested in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) and investigate their oxidative stability by the Rancimat method. 'Barton' is the main cultivar produced in Brazil and presented the highest protein, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid values and the lowest saturated fatty acid values, which provide health benefits. 'Mahan' showed the highest oxidation induction time, both in extracted oil and ground samples, low abundance of lipid oxidation compounds, low polyunsaturated fatty acids, high levels of oleic acid and β-sitosterol, which suggests potential for storage. 'Stuart' and 'Success' had the highest total dietary fiber values. Moreover, analysis showed that 'Chickasaw' and 'Success' had large quantities of compounds correlated to lipid oxidation, suggesting low stability for long-term storage. These results imply that the physicochemical characteristics and proximate composition of pecan nut cultivars from southern Brazil have variable parameters that may depend on their genetic variability.The jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and the macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) are palm trees of the Arecaceae family, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Latin America, which have a low production cost and high productivity throughout the year. Due to the high content of lipids, their fruits have been used for oil extraction, which generates byproducts such as the pulps and the kernel cakes, a nutritionally rich byproduct that can be added into human food and, may have prebiotic potential. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the prebiotic potential of jerivá pulp (JP), macaúba pulp (MP), jerivá kernel cake (JC) and macaúba kernel cake (MC). For this, the fruits characterization was carried out through proximate composition, phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity, besides evaluating the antimicrobial and fermentative capacity of Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus against Escherichia coli. Jerivá and macaúba pulps and kernel cakes presented high levels of dietary fiber (20.45% JP, 37.87% JC, 19.95% MP and 35.81% MC) and high antioxidant activity, especially JP, which also showed the high values found for ABTS and DPPH (2498.49 µMTrolox·g-1 fruit and 96.97 g fruit·g-1 DPPH, respectively), has a high total phenolic content (850.62 mg GAE·100 g-1). Also, JP promoted a better growth of probiotic strains and a more relevant pH reduction when compared to the commercial prebiotic FOS. However, MP, JC, and MC were also able to favor the growth of the strains. link2 Probiotic microorganisms were able to use JP, MP, JC, and MC and produced short-chain fatty acids such as lactic, propionic, butyric, and acetic acid, capable of promoting health benefits. Therefore, the byproducts from jerivá and macaúba oil extraction have characteristics that indicate their prebiotic potential, and maybe interesting components to increase the nutritional value of foods.There is a growing interest in the identification of chemometric markers that allow the distinction and authentication of dark-chocolates according to their cocoa geographical origin and/or genotype. However, samples derived from Latin American cocoa, including specimens from North and South America, have not been studied in this context. An exploration of the melting behavior, fat composition, bioactive content, and volatile profile of commercial darkchocolates was conducted to identify possible patterns related to the genotype and/or origin of cocoa from Latin America. The melting properties were evaluated by DSC and related to fat content and fatty acids profile. Total polyphenol, anthocyanin, methylxanthine, and catechin content were analyzed. Finally, the volatile compounds were extracted and identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS and were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Heatmap (HCA Heatmap). The fatty acids profile showed a relationship with the melting properties of dark chocolate. The samples exhibited two glass-transition temperatures (Tg) at ≈19 °C and ≈25.5 °C, possibly related to traces of unstable polymorphic forms of monounsaturated triacylglycerides. The analysis of bioactive compounds demonstrated great variability among samples independent of the cocoa origin, genotype, and content. selleck inhibitor and HCA Heatmaps allowed discriminating against the chocolates in relation to the cocoa origin and genotype. Compounds like tetramethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, benzaldehyde, and furfural could be considered as dark-chocolate aroma markers derived from Latin American cocoas (North American region). The 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2,3-butanediol, 2-nonanone, and limonene for derived from South America. link3 And the 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-methyl-butanal, and cinnamaldehyde could allow to distinguishing between regional genotypes.Chicken breast muscle hydrolysates (CBMHs) could promisingly activate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury. The aim of this work was to investigate the stability of CBMHs against physicochemical treatments and gastrointestinal digestion simulation. Results indicated that CBMHs showed good stability towards heating (25-121 °C), pH treatment (pH 2-12) and remained stable in the presence of NaCl (0.01-2 M) and low concentration of metal ions (0.1 mM Zn2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+). Results from in vitro digestion implied a retained activity of CBMHs after gastric tract, but marked decrease (33.42%) after intestinal tract. UPLC-ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS analysis together with in silico assessments then revealed that the degradation of hydrophobic peptides (i.e., VAPEEHPTLL, YPGIADRM, ADGPLKGIL, and KDLFDPVIQ) during simulated intestinal digestion may be account for the decreased activity. Conformational changes of ADH upon hydrophobic interaction with synthetic peptides were further confirmed by fluorescence quenching study, possibly responsible for the enhanced ADH activity. Hence, CBMHs noticeably showed good stability against physicochemical treatments and digestion simulation, while attempt establishing the structure-activity relationship of peptides is also fundamental before applying CBMHs as functional ingredient.This study aimed to establish a mixed starter culture to standardize the flavor of kimchi, a traditional Korean food. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sakei were selected for the culture based on their key roles in kimchi fermentation. The effects of various starter culture mixing ratios on the overall fermentation process were investigated. Fermentation was carried out at 15 °C for 72 h. In the microbial community analysis, a similar ratio to the initial mixed inoculated ratio was observed in the microbial environments. Treatment with high-rate L. mesenteroides inoculation, exhibiting hetero-fermentative characteristics, led to the production of mannitol (1393.11 mg/100 g), acetic acid (57.70 mg/kg), and lactic acid (1141.90 mg/kg), in addition to the induction of a rapid increase in the number of viable cells, thereby reducing the pH (pH 3.9). Conversely, treatment with high-rate L. sakei inoculation, exhibiting homo-fermentative characteristics, led to the production of less mannitol and acetic acid, with more lactic acid. Principal component analysis score plots showed a distinct difference in kimchi metabolites depending on the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture. Therefore, by using mixed LAB starter strains, this study demonstrated the value of various characteristics and standardized manufacturing of kimchi. LAB types and inoculation ratios greatly affected the types and concentration of metabolites in kimchi fermentation.Direct fermentations of sterilised green coffee beans by monocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kluyveri were investigated for coffee flavour biotransformation. During fermentation, fruity esters were generated in the green coffee beans by yeasts. 2-Phenylethyl acetate was elevated by 1.1 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg in P. kluyveri- and S. cerevisiae-fermented green beans, respectively, as compared to the untreated sample. Ethyl octanoate (0.51 mg/kg) and isoamyl acetate (1.69 mg/kg) only existed in S. cerevisiae- and P. kluyveri-fermented green beans, respectively. After roasting, higher levels of 2-phenylethyl acetate were detected in fermented coffees, and ethyl octanoate was found only in the S. cerevisiae-fermented sample, despite the loss of isoamyl acetate in P. kluyveri-fermented coffees during roasting. The fruity esters generated by the yeasts during green coffee bean fermentations were directly transferred to the volatile profiles formed after roasting and enhanced the fruity attribute in the roasted coffees, with a more noticeable effect observed from S. cerevisiae fermentation. Higher productions of N-heterocyclic volatiles occurred during roasting of S. cerevisiae-fermented coffees and contributed to elevated nutty and roasted aromas. S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri are considered suitable starter cultures for controlled coffee flavour biotransformation through controlled fermentations of green coffee beans.
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