Notes

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As AP conductivity increased, sustained outward transmembrane currents were observed. This finding suggests the involvement of an electrotonic effect.

The findings of our theoretical simulation suggest that AP size, ventricular conductivity, and AP conductivity affect antegrade conduction through different mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights into the morphological and electrophysiological details of the AP.
The findings of our theoretical simulation suggest that AP size, ventricular conductivity, and AP conductivity affect antegrade conduction through different mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights into the morphological and electrophysiological details of the AP.
Pacemaker positioning on the right ventricular (RV) septum during implantation is conventionally conducted utilizing two fixed fluoroscopy angles, a 45° left anterior oblique (LAO) and 35° right anterior oblique projection. However, placement location can be suboptimal, especially for leadless pacemakers (LPMs).

To evaluate the safety and ease of LPM implantation using individualized LAO projection.

Consecutive patients undergoing LPM implantation were prospectively included. The angle of the RV septum was recorded for each patient by studying the angle at which an RV pigtail catheter (RV-PC) could be seen edge on. This was then used as the preferred LAO projection angle for that patient. We evaluated the success rate and safety of this method. We also compared the RV septum angle as measured by this method versus that measured by chest CT.

Of the 31 patients (mean age 80.6±7.0years, 15 females), LPM implantation was successful in 30. The pacemaker was implanted on the RV septum in 29 and on the free wall in one. LPM implantation was abandoned for anatomical reasons in one. Complications were limited to a groin arteriovenous fistula and one deep vein thrombosis. The angle of RV septum as measured by pigtail catheter and chest CT was not significantly different (CT 54.8±6.0°, RV pigtail catheter 52.9±6.1°,
=.07).

Using an RV-PC to determine the preferred angle of LAO projection facilitates differentiation between the RV septum and free wall, which in turn facilitates optimal LPM placement.
Using an RV-PC to determine the preferred angle of LAO projection facilitates differentiation between the RV septum and free wall, which in turn facilitates optimal LPM placement.
Patients with a temporary pacemaker (TPM) for bradycardias are required to maintain bedrest until permanent pacemakers (PPMs) are implanted because of the development of Adams-Stokes syndrome, worsening heart failure, or complications associated with TPMs is anticipated. However, bedrest may be detrimental in patients because it leads to disuse syndrome. This study examined whether bedrest could decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events or complications associated with TPMs in patients waiting for PPM implantation.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 88 patients who had emergency hospitalization for the treatment of bradycardias, and a TPM was inserted during the waiting period before PPM implantation. We divided patients into two groups according to whether they underwent bedrest (Bedrest Group) or not (Ambulation Group) during the period that patients were supported with TPM. We evaluated whether bedrest was a predictor of adverse events using a logistic regression analysis.

Adverse events occurred in 31 patients (35%). In the univariate analysis, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the Bedrest and Ambulation Groups (39% vs. 29%). In the logistic regression analysis, bedrest was not a predictor of adverse events (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-3.68,
.497).

In patients with TPMs for bradyarrhythmias during the waiting period for PPM implantations, bedrest might not prevent adverse events, such as cardiovascular events and complications associated with TPMs.
In patients with TPMs for bradyarrhythmias during the waiting period for PPM implantations, bedrest might not prevent adverse events, such as cardiovascular events and complications associated with TPMs.Normal function and the most common problems that occur during pacemaker operation while performing physical exercise, are discussed. Physically active individuals with an implantable cardiac device, should be evaluated during exercise, because some conflicts issues may arise that are not detectable during routine, at rest, telemetry.
The benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have been observed in the first year. However, there are few data on long-term follow-up and the effect of changes of LVEF on mortality. This study aimed to assess the LV remodeling after CRT implantation and the probable effect of changes in LVEF with repeated measures on mortality over time in a real-world registry.

Among our cohort of 328 consecutive CRT patients, mixed model effect analysis have been made to describe the temporal evolution of LVEF and LVESV changes over time up with several explanatory variables. Besides, the effect of LVEF along time on the probability of mortality was evaluated using joint modeling for longitudinal and survival data.

The study population included 328 patients (253 men; 70.2±9.5years) in 4.2 (2.9) years follow-up. There was an increase in LVEF of 11% and a reduction in LVESV of 42mL during the first year. These changes are morLongitudinal measurements could give us additional information at predicting the individual mortality risk after adjusting by age and sex compared to a single LVEF measurement after CRT.
The incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of lead break during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) were previously unknown.

We included consecutive patients who underwent TLE between September 2013 and July 2019 at our institute. Lead break during removal was defined as lead stretching and becoming misshapen, as assessed by fluoroscopy.

A total of 246 patients underwent TLE for 501 leads. At a patient level, complete success was achieved in 226 patients (91.9%). At a lead level, 481 leads (96.0%) were completely removed and 101 leads (20.1%) were broken during the procedure. Of 392 identified pacemaker leads, 71 (18.3%) were broken during the TLE procedure. AZD9291 clinical trial A multivariable analysis confirmed high lead age (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.17;
<.001), passive leads (OR 2.29 95% CI 1.09-4.80;
=.028), coradial leads (OR 3.45 95% CI 1.72-6.92;
<.001), and insulators made of nonpolyurethane (OR 2.38 95% CI 1.03-5.26;
=.04) as predictors of lead break. Broken leads needed longer procedure times and were associated with a higher rate of cardiac tamponade.
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