Notes

Trajectories of postsurgical pain in kids: risk factors as well as affect recently pain recovery in long-term health benefits following significant surgical treatment.
Differential diagnosis including primary salivary gland tumors and the other small round cell tumors needs to be excluded.Objective. Human movement is a complex process requiring information transmission in inter-cortical, cortico-muscular and inter-muscular networks. Though motor deficits after stroke are associated with impaired networks in the cortico-motor system, the mechanisms underlying these networks are to date not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in information transmission of the inter-cortical, cortico-muscular and inter-muscular networks after stroke and the effect of myoelectric-controlled interface (MCI) dimensionality on such information transmission in each network.Approach. Fifteen healthy control subjects and 11 post-stroke patients were recruited to perform elbow tracking tasks within different dimensional MCIs in this study. Their electromyography (EMG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals were recorded simultaneously. Transfer entropy was used to analyse the functional connection that represented the information transmission in each network based on the fNIRS and EMG signals.Main results.The results found that post-stroke patients showed the increased inter-cortical connection versus healthy control subjects, which might be attributed to cortical reorganisation to compensate for motor deficits. Sodiumacrylate Compared to healthy control subjects, a lower strength cortico-muscular connection was found in post-stroke patients due to the reduction of information transmission following a stroke. Moreover, the increased MCI dimensionality strengthened inter-cortical, cortico-muscular and inter-muscular connections because of higher visual information processing demands.Significance. These findings not only provide a comprehensive overview to evaluate changes in the cortico-motor system due to stroke, but also suggest that increased MCI dimensionality may serve as a useful rehabilitation tool for boosting information transmission in the cortico-motor system of post-stroke patients.In this paper, the optical properties and local electric field distribution of transverse plasmon mode of a single pentagonal gold nanotube are studied for the first time by the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). We find that the transverse plasmon peaks can nonlinearly red shift from visible to infrared region via controlling the inner diameter. In addition, the transverse plasmon peak firstly blue shifts and then red shifts in the visible region with the increase of outer diameter. Further analysis shows that the spectra red shift with the increase of outer diameters when scattering is dominant. Local electric field analysis reveals that transverse plasmon resonance peaks of gold nanotube mainly come from dipole resonance. When the tube wall is thin enough, multi-polar plasmon resonance mode will be generated, and the number of peaks will be increased. The surface charges of inner and outer tube walls are changed by tuning the inner diameter and outer diameter parameters of pentagonal gold nanotube. The selective controlling transverse plasmon spectra of gold nanotube are realized, which is of great significance to the study of optical properties of gold nanotube and the application of molecular detection and biological imaging.Enclosed silver nanoloops have unique features in manipulating and controlling light. However, even the conception of their growth mechanism has not been established. The intermediate structure at the growth stage were revealed as the crucial issue for studying their smart growth mechanism of silver nanoloops and nanowires. Early growth stage showed that silver nanorods and nanoparticles were grown in their respective polyvinylpyrrolidone micelles. Then, the silver nanorods and nanoparticles were assembled in a rod-particle-rod pattern via micelle-micelle coupling, forming linear silver nanowires. These silver nanowires were attracted by Van der Waals forces forming the initial nanoloop. Notably, there was a silver nanoparticle between the ends of two adjacent nanowires. This silver nanoparticle acted like solder and played a crucial role in connecting the two adjacent nanowires; consequently, a silver nanoloop was formed. This finding also suggested that similar smart growth patterns might exist for other one-dimensional and looped nanomaterials.Metal/transition metal dichalcogenide interfaces are the subject of active research, in part because they provide various possibilities for interplay of electronic and magnetic properties with potential device applications. Here, we present results of our first principles calculations of nearly strain-free Ni/WSe2and Ni/MoS2interfaces in thin-film geometry. It is shown that while both the WSe2and MoS2layers adjacent to Ni undergo metallic transition, the layers farther from the interface remain semiconducting. In addition, a moderate value of spin-polarization is induced on interfacial WSe2and MoS2layers. At the same time, the electronic and magnetic properties of Ni are nearly unaffected by the presence of WSe2and MoS2, except a small reduction of magnetic moment at the interfacial Ni atoms. These results can be used as a reference for experimental efforts on epitaxial metal/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures, with potential application in modern magnetic storage devices.Objective.Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in somatosensory cortex can restore sensation to people with spinal cord injury. However, the recording quality from implanted microelectrodes can degrade over time and limitations in stimulation longevity have been considered a potential barrier to the clinical use of ICMS. Our objective was to evaluate recording stability of intracortical electrodes implanted in the motor and somatosensory cortex of one person. The electrodes in motor cortex had platinum tips and were not stimulated, while the electrodes in somatosensory cortex had sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) tips and were stimulated. Additionally, we measured how well ICMS was able to evoke sensations over time.Approach. We implanted microelectrode arrays with SIROF tips in the somatosensory cortex (SIROF-sensory) of a human participant with a cervical spinal cord injury. We regularly stimulated these electrodes to evoke tactile sensations on the hand. Here, we quantify the stability of these electrog or stimulation capabilities. In fact, the sensitivity to stimulation improved over time.Objective. To investigate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) for skin temperature measurement of moving athletes during competition and its sensitivity to factors that are traditionally standardised.Approach. Thermograms were collected for 18 female athletes during the 20 km racewalk at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, with a medium-wave, cooled indium antimonide medium wave infrared band (MWIR) and a long-wave, uncooled microbolometer longwave infrared band (LWIR) infrared camera.Main results. The MWIR provided greater clarity images of motion due to a shorter exposure and response time and produced a higher percentage of acceptable images. Analysing acceptable images only, the LWIR and WMIR produced good levels of agreement, with a bias of -0.1 ± 0.6 °C in mean skin temperature for the LWIR. As the surface area of an ROI was reduced, the measured temperature became less representative of the whole ROI. Compared to measuring the whole area ROI, a single central pixel produced a bias of 0.3 ± 0.3 °C (MWIR) and 0.1 ± 0.4 °C (LWIR) whilst using the maximum and minimum temperature pixels resulted in deviations of 1.3 ± 0.4 °C and -1.1 ± 0.3 °C (MWIR) and 1.2 ± 0.3 °C and -1.3 ± 0.4 °C (LWIR). The sensitivity to air and reflected temperatures was lower for the LWIR camera, due to the higher emissivity of skin in its wavelength.Significance. IRT provides an appropriate tool for the measurement of skin temperature during real-world competition and critically during athlete motion. The cheaper LWIR camera provides a feasible alternative to the MWIR in low rate of motion scenarios, with comparable precision and sensitivity to analysis. However, the LWIR is limited when higher speeds prevent the accurate measurement and ability to capture motion.In this article, we review the recent progress of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO2), ten years after the first report on such a device. With a focus on the use of FeFET for nonvolatile memory application, we discuss its basic operation principles, switching mechanisms, device types, material properties and array structures. Key device performance metrics such as cycling endurance, retention, memory window, multi-level operation and scaling capability are analyzed. We also briefly survey recent developments in alternative applications for FeFETs including neuromorphic and in-memory computing as well as radiofrequency devices.In dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), low- and high-kVp data are collected often over a full-angular range (FAR) of 360○. While there exists strong interest in DECT with low- and high-kVp data acquired over limited-angular ranges (LARs), there remains little investigation of image reconstruction in DECT with LAR data.Objective We investigate image reconstruction with minimized LAR artifacts from low- and high-kVp data over LARs of ≤180○by using a directional-total-variation (DTV) algorithm.Methods Image reconstruction from LAR data is formulated as a convex optimization problem in which data-l2is minimized with constraints on image's DTVs along orthogonal axes. We then achieve image reconstruction by applying the DTV algorithm to solve the optimization problem. We conduct numerical studies from data generated over arcs of LARs, ranging from 14○to 180○, and perform visual inspection and quantitative analysis of images reconstructed.Results Monochromatic images of interest obtained with the DTV algorithm from LAR data show substantially reduced artifacts that are observed often in images obtained with existing algorithms. The improved image quality also leads to accurate estimation of physical quantities of interest, such as effective atomic number and iodine-contrast concentration.Conclusion Our study reveals that from LAR data of low- and high-kVp, monochromatic images can be obtained that are visually, and physical quantities can be estimated that are quantitatively, comparable to those obtained in FAR DECT.Significance As LAR DECT is of high practical application interest, the results acquired in the work may engender insights into the design of DECT with LAR scanning configurations of practical application significance.The relative significance of quantum conductivity correction and magnetic nature of electrons in understanding the intriguing low-temperature resistivity minimum and negative magnetoresistance (MR) of the two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3interfaces has been a long outstanding issue since its discovery. Here we report a comparative magnetotransport study on amorphous and oxygen-annealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3heterostructures at a relatively high-temperature range, where the orbital scattering is largely suppressed by thermal fluctuations. Despite of a predominantly negative out-of-plane MR effect for both, the magnetotransport is isotropic for amorphous LaAlO3/SrTiO3while strongly anisotropic and well falls into a two-dimensional quantum correction frame for annealed crystalline LaAlO3/SrTiO3. These results clearly indicate that a large portion of electrons from oxygen vacancies are localized at low temperatures, serving as magnetic centers, while the electrons from the polar field are only weakly localized due to constructive interference between time-reversed electron paths in the clean limit and no signature of magnetic nature is visible.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-acrylate.html